An Accelerated Analytical Process for the Development of STR Profiles for Casework Samples

Significant efforts are being devoted to the development of methods enabling rapid generation of short tandem repeat (STR) profiles in order to reduce turnaround times for the delivery of human identification results from biological evidence. Some of the proposed solutions are still costly and low throughput. This study describes the optimization of an analytical process enabling the generation of complete STR profiles (single‐source or mixed profiles) for human identification in approximately 5 h. This accelerated process uses currently available reagents and standard laboratory equipment. It includes a 30‐min lysis step, a 27‐min DNA extraction using the Promega Maxwell^®16 System, DNA quantification in <1 h using the Qiagen Investigator^® Quantiplex HYres kit, fast amplification (<26 min) of the loci included in AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^®, and analysis of the profiles on the 3500‐series Genetic Analyzer. This combination of fast individual steps produces high‐quality profiling results and offers a cost‐effective alternative approach to rapid DNA analysis.     

山东省出口贸易与人均GDP增长的实证分析

根据山东省1984-2007年的统计数据,运用协整方法,对出口与经济增长的实证分析结果表明,山东省出口与人均GDP均为一阶单整序列;运用Engle-Granger两步法建立的协整回归方程和误差修正模型表明,出口对人均GDP增长具有极强的拉动作用,二者之间存在着长期稳定的动态均衡关系。     

Confused or competent? How voters use the STV ballot paper

STV is often extolled because it allows voters to express a nuanced choice, but is criticised for being too confusing. In practice the system is little used, but evidence from where it is indicates much depends on how voters choose to use it. STV was used for the first time in Scottish local elections in 2007, providing valuable new evidence on how voters respond to the system. We use survey data to examine the incidence of various indicators of apparent failure by Scottish voters to exploit STV, and compare both the levels and patterns of incidence with equivalent data for Ireland. We find little sign of confusion in either country, but significant evidence of ballot order effects in Scotland.     

中国化妆品动物试验立法完善——与欧盟立法比较

对化妆品进行安全性评价及数据分析,离不开动物试验。欧盟最早通过立法规范化妆品动物试验,对他国相关立法具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。中国作为世界第三大化妆品市场,如果不禁止化妆品动物试验,不仅将面临化妆品动物福利贸易壁垒,而且无法进口未经动物试验的化妆品。中国应通过立法鼓励化妆品生产商使用动物“替代方法”研发新产品,并逐步禁止化妆品动物试验。     

“释放难”相关问题探讨

近年来,监管场所的刑满释放人员中存在“释放难”的人数呈逐年上升趋势。这个问题不仅严重地困扰了监管场所．也造成了社会的不稳定。目前,对“释放难”的处理工作仍存在很多薄弱环节,应有针对性的加以改进。检察机关应积极履行法律监督职能,畅通诉求渠道,创新监督方式,为破解“释放难”发挥自己的作用。     

对刑事司法程序视野下DNA证据的探讨

DNA证据在刑事司法程序中有着独特的自身价值,但这并不意味着DNA证据就是完美无缺的“证据之王”。在当前我国的刑事司法领域中,关于DNA的鉴定和证据适用等方面还存在着诸多的问题。因此,我国应在DNA证据采信等环节上建立和完善相应规则,克服对DNA证据的盲目轻信。     

Investigation on the genetic-inconsistent paternity cases using the MiSeq FGx system

Mutations might challenge the paternity index calculation in forensic identification. While many studies have focussed on the autosomal short tandem repeats (A-STR), the mutation status of sex chromosomes and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) remain blank. Next generation sequencing (NGS), known as high throughput and large sequence polymorphism, is a promising tool for forensic genetics. To describe the mutation landscapes in the paternity cases with genetic inconsistencies, a total of 63 parentage confirmed paternity cases contained at least one mismatched locus have been collected. The mutations were subsequently evaluated using Verogen’s MPS ForenSeq^TM DNA Signature Kit and a microsatellite instability (MSI) detection kit. The result showed 98.41% (62/63) of the cases had no additional autosomal mutations even when the number of A-STRs increased to 27. As for the sex chromosomes, about 11.11% (7/63) of the cases exhibited either X-STR or Y-STR mutations. D2S1338, FGA and Penta E were the most frequent altered STRs, which suggested they might be the mutation hotspots. In addition, a male with sex chromosome abnormality was observed accidently, whose genotype might be 47, XXY, rather than MSI. Nearly 56.90% of the STR loci possessed isoalleles, which might result in higher STR polymorphisms. No Mendelian incompatibility was detected among the SNP markers, which indicated that SNP was a more reliable genetic marker in the genetic-inconsistent paternity cases.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.2009631 .     

列宁晚年对国家机关改革的理论探索

列宁晚年对苏维埃国家机关存在的种种弊端以及改革国家机关的重要性和迫切性有着清醒的认识。他提出的一系列富有远见的国家机关改革思想,以及对改革过程中可能遇到的风险所作的分析,对推动当前我国国家机构改革仍有着重要的指导意义。     

The first woman in the process of book production in Livonia: the case of Ursula Krüger and Daniel Hermann

I present the first case from the history of early modern Livonia, when a woman participated in the editing and publication of a printed book. Ursula Krüger, wife of Prussian–Livonian humanist Daniel Hermann, illustrates the wider perspective of non-aristocratic women’s activities involving book production in the geographical periphery of humanist culture, Riga, rather than in the heart of European humanism. Her story also illustrates the ability of women to collaborate as an editor, both as a learned woman who could compose Latin dedications and a businesswoman who could financially and organizationally engage in publishing books.     

贵州民族体育遗存——独竹漂运动的历史和未来

在对独竹漂运动的起源和发展进行追溯的基础上,预测了其未来走向。独竹漂运动起源于明朝洪武年间的水运皇木过程中,其历经民间发展、自然传承,惨遭禁止,几乎绝传,逐渐恢复,喜获新生三个历史阶段。今后独竹漂运动将朝着竞速水平不断提高,技艺表演日益发展;队伍规模逐渐扩大,社会影响不断提高;经济价值不断提升,产业发展日益显现;研究水平逐步提高,理论成果不断丰富的发展趋势。