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551.
    
In an effort to standardize data collection and analysis in age estimation, a series of computational methods utilizing high‐dimensional image data of the age indicator have recently been proposed as an alternative to subjective visual, trait‐to‐phase matching techniques. To systematically quantify the reproducibility of such methods, we investigate the intrascan variability and within‐ and between‐observer reliability in initial scan data capturing and editing using 3D laser scans of the Suchey–Brooks pubic symphysis casts and five shape‐based computational methods. Our results show that (i) five observers with various training background and experience levels edited the scans consistently for all three trials and the derived shape measures and age estimates were in excellent agreement among observers, and (ii) the computational methods are robust to a measured degree of scan trimming error. This study supports the application of computational methods to 3D laser scanned images for reliable age‐at‐death estimation, with reduced subjectivity.  相似文献   
552.
    
Subadult age estimation should rely on sampling and statistical protocols capturing development variability for more accurate age estimates. In this perspective, measurements were taken on the fifth lumbar vertebrae and/or clavicles of 534 French males and females aged 0–19 years and the ilia of 244 males and females aged 0–12 years. These variables were fitted in nonparametric multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) models with 95% prediction intervals (PIs) of age. The models were tested on two independent samples from Marseille and the Luis Lopes reference collection from Lisbon. Models using ilium width and module, maximum clavicle length, and lateral vertebral body heights were more than 92% accurate. Precision was lower for postpubertal individuals. Integrating punctual nonlinearities of the relationship between age and the variables and dynamic prediction intervals incorporated the normal increase in interindividual growth variability (heteroscedasticity of variance) with age for more biologically accurate predictions.  相似文献   
553.
    
Progressive changes in the acetabulum have been used in modern skeletal age estimation, but they have not been completely understood. If their age correlations are weakened by the influence of factors like physical activity and obesity, acetabular changes should not be used for age estimation. To investigate their utility for aging, the acetabular variables of Rissech et al. (2006) were analyzed in 409 modern European‐Americans (Bass Collection, Tennessee). Correlation tests assessed potential associations between acetabular data, osteoarthritis scores (collected per Jurmain, 1990), and documented demographic information (age, body mass index [BMI], metabolic intensity of physical activities). Acetabular changes had statistically significant, positive correlations with osteoarthritis (< 0.001 in most joints/regions) and age (< 0.001), indicating their degenerative nature and relevance for age estimation. Acetabular changes showed no associations with BMI or metabolic values, suggesting resistance to obesity and activity effects. These results suggest that acetabular degeneration is a valid skeletal age‐at‐death indicator.  相似文献   
554.
    
The expression of uncertainty is defined by the standard deviation and is usually expressed in multiples of the standard deviation (±1sd, ±2sd, and ±3sd). The objective was to use weighting of the sd calculation by the number or count of subjects for each tooth development stage. A comparison shows the difference between the range of uncertainty using the unweighted sd and the weighted sd. The range of uncertainty related to Dental Age Estimation is statistically significantly greater (p < 0.001) for the weighted sd compared to the unweighted sd. It is concluded that the number of subjects for each Tooth Development Stage in the Reference Data set should be included in the calculation for a single Dental Age Estimation using the Simple Average Method when presenting the uncertainty associated with the point estimate of the “mean” for Dental Age Estimation of a single subject of unknown age.  相似文献   
555.
    
We present the first report of pneumopericardium observed by autopsy and on postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) images. The subject was a woman who died of self‐inflicted stab wounds to the abdomen. The PMCT scan revealed air in the pericardial sac, a “flattened heart” sign, and retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Medicolegal autopsy revealed two abdominal stab wounds near the xiphoid process that had cut the apical pericardium and adjacent diaphragm and liver. Examination of the open thorax confirmed that the pericardial sac was distended with air. The wound extended to the abdominal aorta, causing retroperitoneal hemorrhage. PMCT images showed that the pneumopericardial volume was 133 mL. We believe that cardiac tamponade occurred resulting from the tension pneumopericardium; however, the effects were mitigated by hypovolemia secondary to the retroperitoneal hemorrhage as well as obstructive shock. Therefore, the cause of death appears to have been low‐pressure cardiac tamponade.  相似文献   
556.
探讨体表创口与愈后瘢痕的关系。比较创口愈合成为瘢痕的收缩率。由于现有伤残鉴定标准中未就体表创口或瘢痕的长度测量的换算作出任何规定,所以某些体表损伤的伤残评定可能有欠公允。有必要就此提出相应解决办法,供同行探讨。  相似文献   
557.
A number of studies use the Age-Period-Cohort Characteristic (APCC) model to address the impact of cohort related factors on the age distribution of homicide offending. Several of these studies treat birth cohorts as spanning several years, an operationalization that most closely matches tenets of cohort theory, yet sharply reduces the number of observations available for analysis. Other studies define birth cohorts as those born within a single year, an operationalization that is theoretically problematic, but provides many more observations for analysis. We address the sample size problem by applying a time-series-cross-section model (panel model) with age-period-specific homicide arrest data from the United States for each year from 1960 to 1999, while operationalizing cohorts as five-year birth cohorts. Our panel model produces results that are very similar to those obtained from traditional multiyear APCC models. Substantively, the results provide a replication of work showing the importance of relative cohort size and cohort variations in family structure for explaining variations in age-period-specific homicide rates. The additional observations provided by our approach allow us to examine these relationships over time, and we find substantively important changes. The year-by-year estimates of the age distribution of homicide offending help us to examine the model during the epidemic of youth homicide.  相似文献   
558.
新媒体的迅速发展,既拓宽了公民获取信息的渠道,同时也为负面信息的传播提供了便利条件。在创新社会管理的时代背景下,公安机关如何提升自身舆论引导能力建设,增强舆论引导能力,对公安机关创新社会管理,维护社会安定和谐以及自身职能的发挥是至关重要的。本文探讨了公安机关在信息时代提升自身舆论引导能力建设的具体途径,减少负面信息对公安工作的影响,实现公安机关对社会的和谐治理。  相似文献   
559.
数字财产的继承涉及到伦理与法律的双重规制。从本质上讲,数字财产是一种法益而非权利;价值性,是法益视角下数字财产所具备的核心属性,具体又分为使用价值、交换价值、人文价值和情感价值;由价值性延发产生的维护权利主体合法权益、实现网络资源优化配置和适应经济社会发展需求,是对数字财产进行继承的现实依据;数字财产具备可继承性但并非所有数字财产都可继承;数字遗产是由数字财产转化而来的;增强全民族的数字财产保护观念、深化数字财产继承的理论制度研究和构建数字财产继承的综合法律规制体系是化解我国当前数字财产继承困境的现实道路选择。  相似文献   
560.
新媒体时代环境下,媒体与当前中国社会的转型升级呈螺旋上升趋势,这要求公安民警要不断学习掌握专业技能,统筹运用各平台以构建和谐警务公共关系,同时须正确认识新媒体的影响力,提防步入多种误区:如避免因疏忽出现不当言论,造成负面影响;避免为追求表面和谐而违规执法;避免走上过分依赖新媒体的极端。此外,还需注意保护新媒体平台的专属帐号安全。  相似文献   
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