计算机数字图像分析在法医学中的研究应用

计算机数字图像分析技术在生物医学领域已经成为一种常规的定量技术。近年来,这一分析技术在推断死亡时间、损伤时间和猝死鉴定方面已经开始发挥作用。     

Police Perspective: Discovering Hidden Truths in Domestic Violence Intervention

The article is designed for intervenors of domestic violence. It examines a miriad of issues faced during intervention. The purpose of the article is to discover hidden truths and understand more clearly what intervenors are dealing with.     

端粒DNA在法医学年龄推断中的应用

法医学中年龄推断的常用方法是对齿龄和骨龄进行推断,但这二种方法都受地理环境、营养状况、生活习惯、民族等因素的影响,尤其对成年人而言准确性会下降。随着对端粒研究的不断深入,已证实端粒DNA长度可反映细胞的分裂程度,代表细胞的生长寿命并与供体年龄有负相关性,因此测定端粒DNA长度有望成为法医学推断年龄有价值的新方法。     

参考咨询服务在网络信息时代的角色转变

随着以Internet为核心的网络的发展,覆盖天下、网络全球的信息网络环境已初步形成,图书馆正面临着一个日益普及的数字化信息化环境。越来越多的信息资源正被数字化和网络化,越来越多的用户逐步具备了网络使用能力并越来越依靠网络进行信息检索和利用,这为被誉为“图书馆心脏”的参考咨询服务工作带来了新的挑战和发展的机遇。     

自我作对的文学理论--2005年文艺学前沿研究报告

2005年,文艺学界围绕“文学研究的文化转向”、“文学经典的终结”、“文学与图像的战争”等问题展开了激烈的论争。这些论争解构有余,建构不足,甚至不顾基本文学事实。文学理论的自我作对者,尚未诀别“稗贩”西学的历史。所谓的“热点”,在某种程度上,是“文化研究”者人为制造的。运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法,从中国现实中提炼出真问题,才可能有真正的学术创造或突破。     

摩托车防盗锁致伤分析

使用摩托车防盗锁伤害人身的案件近来较为多见。本文通过对28例摩托车防盗锁致伤的法医学检验资料的分析,仔细询问伤者,确认致伤过程,详细分析其损伤形态及形成机理,以期总结摩托车防盗锁的致伤特点,为通过形态学推断摩托车防盗锁致伤及其过程提供依据。     

Time-dependent immunohistochemical detection of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in human skin wounds

The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) hold important functions in the early and late courses of inflammation, trauma and wound healing. In the present study, human skin wounds due to sharp force (n=105) were collected during surgery and autopsy. The wound age mainly varied from several minutes to 5 h, some specimens aged up to 6 weeks. Control specimens from uninjured skin were available in each case. After preparation of cryostat sections, immunohistochemistry was performed according to the APAAP technique, using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The results were evaluated semiquantitatively. All markers were weakly expressed in normal human skin constitutively. However, the staining pattern changed significantly in vital wounds concerning epidermal layers, subepidermal cells, vessels and sweat glands. IL-1β and IL-6 showed enhanced expression after 15 and 20 min at the earliest (increase of epidermal reactivity). After 30–60 and 60–90 min, respectively, marked expression was observed with these markers. Similar alterations were detectable with TNF-α after 15 and 60–90 min. The reactivity of all three markers persisted over several hours, then decreased to basal levels again and sometimes reappeared after days and in granulation tissue. Leukocytes reacting with IL-1β and IL-6 appeared after approximately 2 h. Conclusion: proinflammatory cytokines can serve as a useful tool for the estimation of vitality and wound age, in particular in the early post-traumatic interval prior to leukocyte reaction. Autolysis did not play a role in the samples investigated (postmortem interval up to 8 days). Problems could sometimes rise from constitutive expression. Therefore, it is recommended to examine control samples from the same individual and to compare the reactivity with wound specimens.     

人文知识中的"消费时代"及其批判

具有特定含义的“日常生活审美化”是人文知识对“消费时代”的一种文化阐释 ,但当前出现在中国社会的消费文化有其特殊性 ,它由“消费时代”尚未全面来临和消费主义已经形成这两个部分构成。对“消费时代”这一议题的抽象化 ,掩盖了社会不同群体的感受差异性 ,因此应当反省知识分子的批判立场和当前学术话语的生产机制 ,以剖析“日常生活审美化”、“消费时代”与当下中国社会究竟具有怎样的关联。     

Twenty years of homicide and robbery in Chicago: The impact of the city's changing racial and age composition

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) arrest and offense data for Chicago for 1960 to 1980 and population data from the 1960, 1970, and 1980 censuses are used to assess the extent to which demographic changes help explain trends in the city's homicide and robbery arrests. The results indicate that a changing racial composition contributed to changes in the age composition of Chicago's population as well as to changes in the homicide rate. Age-specific analysis by race and gender suggests that as much as 24% of the total increase in homicide arrests and 45% of the increase in robbery arrests (from 1962 to 1980) can be attributed to an increase in the number of nonwhite men in the population. Increasedrates of arrest of nonwhite men appear to account for large parts of the increases in homicide and robbery arrests, with increased rates for white men and nonwhite women also accounting for some of these increases. The paper closes with a discussion of the issues raised by these trends for Chicago and other urban areas.Revision of a paper presented at the 1984 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Cincinnati.     

中国古代少年司法制度

在“恤刑”原则的指导下,我国古代的某些法律已经规定了对未成年人进行特殊保护的规则。并且,伴随着封建法制的不断完善,对未成年人保护的内涵也不断丰富,封建立法者对保护原则的贯彻也更加深入和全面。虽然最终也未能形成一套完整的司法体系,但有些规定对现代社会仍有借鉴意义。