“现代化”概念及其内涵

人们对现代化的理解是逐步深化、逐步清晰的。社会学、经济学、政治学的经典论述和当代学界提出的关于现代化的各种"标准",对现代化涵义做了分类和概括,最后落脚到社会转型来理解现代化。从社会转型来看,现代化包括工业化、城市化、开放化、分工化、平等化等五个由浅入深的方面。改革开放以来,社会转型较浅的层面进展显著,较深的层面进展不显著。认识这一点,有利于人们在我国现代化进程中保持既积极又冷静的态度,从而做到既积极进取,又不急躁冒进。     

引领人民向自由前进的航标——浅评卢梭的《社会契约论》

卢梭的《社会契约论》既是一部政治学著作,又是一部法学著作,是世界思想史上的重要古典文献之一。本文即从它的历史背景出发,对其"自由与平等"的目标、性质以及"主权在民"的重要思想进行了浅显的评析。     

Reliability of Sexually Violent Predator Civil Commitment Criteria in Florida

The present study investigated the reliability of Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) civil commitment criteria under Florida's Jimmy Ryce Act. The purpose of the study was to determine if, independently, 2 evaluators would reach the same conclusions about the same client (n = 295). According to civil commitment criteria outlined by the United States Supreme Court (Kansas v. Hendricks, 1997), SVPs must display a mental abnormality predisposing them to sexual violence and a likelihood of future sexual violence. The interrater reliability of 8 DSM-IV diagnoses applied by evaluators to determine whether a client has a "mental abnormality that predisposes him to sexual violence" was found to be poor to fair (kappa = .23 to . 70). The interrater reliability of risk assessment instruments used to determine "likelihood of reoffense" was good (ICC = .77 to .85). The recommendations made by evaluators regarding whether or not to refer a client for civil commitment demonstrated poor reliability (kappa = .54). Implications for practice and policy are explored.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Commentary</Emphasis>: A Critical Review of Published Competency-to-Confess Measures

The development of standardized assessments for competency-to-confess evaluations has remained largely neglected for the last several decades. Groundbreaking research was conducted on Miranda waivers during the late 1970s, but researchers have failed to sustain programmatic research. This critical review focuses on four published Miranda measures (Comprehension of Miranda Rights, Comprehension of Miranda Rights-Recognition, Comprehension of Miranda Vocabulary, and Function of Rights in Interrogation). When evaluated by contemporary standards, the validation of these measures is very limited. Major improvements are needed for interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.     

The Impact of Confidence on the Accuracy of Structured Professional and Actuarial Violence Risk Judgments in a Sample of Forensic Psychiatric Patients

Some previous research indicates that confidence affects the accuracy of probabilistic clinical ratings of risk for violence among civil psychiatric inpatients. The current study investigated the impact of confidence on actuarial and structured professional risk assessments, in a forensic psychiatric population, using community violence as the outcome criteria. Raters completed the HCR-20 violence risk assessment scheme for a sample of 100 forensic psychiatric patients. Results showed that accuracy of both actuarial judgments (HCR-20 total scores) and structured professional judgments (of low, moderate, and high risk) were substantially more accurate when raters were more confident about their judgments. Findings suggest that confidence of ratings should be studied as a potentially important mediator of structured professional and actuarial risk judgments.     

有组织犯罪的成因及对策

现阶段,我国带黑社会性质的有组织犯罪呈逐年上升之势。有组织犯罪的产生有其深刻的社 会原因。根治有组织犯罪的对策不能过于单一,更不是仅靠“严打”所能解决的,必须采取 多方位的综合措施。     

对美国警方管理工作业绩考核新方法的研究

"受教育程度"与"工作满意程度"两项内容是美国警方招募、录用新警察及考核他们工作业绩的新标准和新方法。这种方法一改传统的警察招募标准和业绩考核方式,招募更多的具有大学本科和更高学历者加入警察队伍。在警察管理上,采用传统的规章制度型管理方式的同时,运用心理学理论,从提高警察的心理素质入手,促使他们更加热爱警察工作,调动他们的积极性和工作热情,进一步提高工作效率。     

"入世":非公有制企业怎么办?

中国加入WTO,一方面会给非公有制企业带来很大的冲击,同时也会给非公有制企业拓展更广阔的发展空间.面对"入世"的冲击及发展机遇,非公有制企业应高度重视,早做准备,早拿对策,以"入世"为契机,变压力为动力,促进非公有制企业的更快发展.     

中国法学教育百年回眸

本文回顾了中国法学教育的概况,指出了每一发展阶段的基本特点,并在此基础上作了认真的反思,特别是重点分析了法学教育与社会变革、法学教育与职业教育、法学教育与高等教育的相互关系,以探索法学教育的规律。