Rapid genomic DNA extraction (RGDE)

Hyperpolymorphic short tandem repetitive DNA sequences, STRs or microsatellites, have become widely used in human identification, particularly in criminal cases and in mass disasters. In such cases the substrates for the analyses may be decomposed as a biological material, a fact that has to be taken into account when choosing the appropriate casework methods. Nowadays expanded windows have been opened to the world especially in the area of genetic and biology science by performance of big projects such as human genome project. In this regard, one of the primary and important steps for all is DNA extraction with high quality and quantity in minimum time from biological material. By using RGDE method, genomic DNA with high quality and quantity can be acquired in the shortest time which has been presented in the world up to now. In this paper we report the evaluation of DNA extraction in this method.     

SPME—GC／MS／MS法分析血中助燃剂残留物

目的探讨检验血中助燃剂残留物的分析方法。方法运用SPME(固相微萃取)技术,利用100μmPDMS萃取纤维,于室温条件下以顶空方式直接从血中萃取、浓缩挥发性碳氢化合物,用GC/MS/MS检测分析助燃剂。结果从检验的实际案例显示,可从0.1ml血中检出痕量的助燃剂。结论该方法操作时间短,检材用量少,分析结果较理想。     

固相萃取法在苯丙胺类药物提取中的应用

目的建立生物检材中苯丙胺类药物的定性定量分析方法;方法应用固相萃取法提取生物检材中苯丙胺类药物,比较了苯丙胺类药物固相萃取的最佳pH值、固相吸附柱等提取条件,比较了固相萃取法和传统的液液萃取法在提取回收率、净化效果等方面的特点;结果生物检材中苯丙胺类药物固相萃取pH11时效果最好,提取回收率达82.9%～93.2%;结论该方法实用,提取率高,杂质干扰少。     

尿中香豆素类抗凝血杀鼠剂的固相萃取-紫外导数光谱测定

尿中杀鼠灵、杀鼠迷、溴敌隆、大隆等4种杀鼠剂用GDX403大孔树脂吸附，二氯乙烷洗脱。通过洗脱液二阶导数光谱，测定杀鼠剂含量。4种杀鼠剂尿中回收率分别为96．3±4．1％、95．6±3．3％、　85．2±4．0％、77．5±3．6％（mean±S．D），检出限分别为0．6、0．6、1．0、1．0mg／L。适用于司法毒物分析。     

Comparison of Commercial Kits for Recovery and Analysis of Bacterial DNA From Fingerprints

In forensic science, fingerprints are a common source of evidentiary information. However, latent examination is not always successful and trace human DNA cannot always be obtained. Thus, examining the fingerprint microbiome may offer a suitable alternative to more traditional methods of forensic identification. The Zymo Research ZR Bacterial/Fungal DNA MicroPrep™ Kit, Qiagen QIAmp^® DNA Mini Kit, Promega Wizard^® Genomic DNA Purification Kit, and the MPBio FastDNA^® Spin Kit were compared for their ability to yield a sufficient amount of bacterial DNA for next-generation sequencing in order to obtain a microbiome profile. Prints were deposited onto slides, allowed to sit for up to 1 month, and total DNA isolated and quantified using each kit. The kit from Zymo Research yielded the most concentrated DNA sample (0.0084 ng/µL) in the least amount of time as compared to other kits examined. Although this amount of DNA was far below the recommended DNA concentration threshold recommended for next-generation sequencing, a microbiome profile was successfully obtained. As interest in using the microbiome of an individual as a forensic tool continues to increase, there is the possibility that the microbiome of a fingerprint could complement traditional human DNA profiling in the future. This study provides evidence that trace amounts of bacterial DNA from fingerprints is quantifiable and sufficient for microbiome analysis.     

Automated extraction of DNA from reference samples from various types of biological materials on the Qiagen BioRobot EZ1 Workstation

We have validated and implemented a protocol for DNA extraction from various types of biological materials using a Qiagen BioRobot EZ1 Workstation. The sample materials included whole blood, blood from deceased, buccal cells on Omni swabs and FTA Cards, blood on FTA Cards and cotton swabs, and muscle biopsies. The DNA extraction was validated according to EN/ISO 17025 for the STR kits AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® and AmpF?STR^® Yfiler^® (Applied Biosystems). Of 298 samples extracted, 11 (4%) did not yield acceptable results. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that extraction of DNA from various types of biological material can be performed quickly and without the use of hazardous chemicals, and that the DNA may be successfully STR typed according to the requirements of forensic genetic investigations accredited according to EN/ISO 17025.     

复方培元颗粒的提取工艺研究

目的 优选复方培元颗粒的提取工艺。方法 以总多糖含量、人参皂苷Rb1和淫羊藿苷总含量、出膏率为评价指标,选取溶剂用量、提取时间、提取次数等为考察因素,采用L9(34)正交试验法优选复方培元颗粒的最佳提取工艺。结果 最佳提取工艺参数为加12倍量水,提取3次,每次提取1 h。结论 优选的提取工艺切实可行,可为复方培元颗粒的质量控制提供依据。     

载体法检验微量检材DNA

目的解决微量生物检材DNA检验难题。方法采用载体法对已知微量血样DNA进行检验，再与目前高灵敏度的Chelex-100提取的DNA检验的相应结果进行比较。结果载体法针对微量血样的DNA检验。不但能得到正确的STR分型结果．同时在检验灵敏度上比Chelex-100法高出2倍以上。结论载体法可提高微量生物栓材中DNA检出率，且操作简单，在法医检案工作中具有较高应用价值。     

A more efficient extraction method of human bone resulting in improved DNA profiling

Eight human bone samples, from a forensic case, were extracted in parallel using our standard protocol with and without PTB in the buffer. Both methods were sometimes inadequate for (complete) STR profiling, while the presence of PTB even decreases the DNA yield.The complete decalcification of the bone extraction residues in an EDTA-solution with SDS recovered sufficient amounts of DNA, which resulted in complete STR profiling for all samples. Complete decalcification without SDS yielded even higher amounts of DNA and also complete STR profiling for all samples.Similar results were obtained for the DNA extraction from a human tooth.