解放战争时期东北工业领域开展的献纳器材运动

"献纳器材运动"是解放战争时期中国共产党在工业领域领导的一场工人群众运动,这场运动缘起于抗日战争结束后东北工业饱受摧残、机器设备破坏严重的历史背景,旨在恢复工业生产、支援解放战争。在东北局和各地工会组织的有效动员和宣传下,东北各主要工业领域掀起了一场广泛的群众性献纳器材运动。这场运动在一定程度上解决了工业所需、满足了战时需要,也带动了全国工业领域的献纳器材运动风潮,增强了工人阶级的主人翁意识,具有重要的经济和政治意义。     

‘Gross inefficiency and criminal negligence’: the Services Reconnaissance Department in Timor in 1943–45 and the Darwin war crimes trials in 1946

The post-World War II Australian military war crimes trials of Japanese from 1945–51 have been criticised for using a rule of evidence considerably relaxed from the ordinary requirements of a criminal trial, one that did not require witnesses to give evidence in person. Circumstantial evidence suggests that, in relation to a trial held in Darwin in March 1946 for war crimes committed in Timor, the secretive Special Operations Australia, otherwise known as the Services Reconnaissance Department (SRD), took advantage of the rule. This article argues that the SRD did not allow their members to give evidence in person in an attempt to control and limit the dissemination of information about their operational and security failures in Timor from 1943–45. The SRD operation was adjudged by its own official historian as displaying ‘gross inefficiency and criminal negligence’. While the SRD’s failures were known to select personnel at the time, access restrictions to archival records in the post-war period, including the war crimes trials, meant that the extent of its failures and how it appeared to manage knowledge of them has not been widely known.     

未成年人检察制度探讨 ——以更新检察理念提升未成年人检察的司法温度为视角

最高人民检察院制定下发了《2018— 2022 年检察改革工作规划》,进一步明确了新时代检察改革的方向和路径,也规划了未成年人教育感化挽救工作的制度和机制。在新时代,检察机关必须遵循未成年人检察工作内在规律,深入贯彻张军检察长提出的“讲政治、顾大局、谋发展、重自强”总体要求,破解未成年人检察工作的发展瓶颈和难题,实现新时代未成年人检察工作的高质量发展。     

设备承包合同法律性质之我见

设备承包合同是指项目建设单位作为发包人与承包人就提供工程项目所需的大型复杂设备而签订的合同,其基本特征是所供应的设备需配套地结合在一起,成为一个系统,能够发挥"成套"效应。设备承包合同有其特定的含义,因其自身特殊的性质有别于建设工程承包合同、买卖合同、承揽合同等。按照合同属性分析,设备承包合同符合委托合同的法律特征,应属于委托合同范畴,应当比照适用委托合同的规定解决实际纠纷。     

Childhood:

The author begins by describing various terms that are used in discussion of addictive disorders and how they relate to one another. The tern "intrapsychic addiction" is proposed as describing the substrate ef the externally manifested addictions (chemical dependency, compulsive gambling, eating, overwork, etc.). The author then reviews the physical, psychoIogical and social factors which predispose children to addiction. A model relating these various factors to one another is presented.     

Implementing the human right to water and sanitation: a study of global and local discourses

This article explores global and local discourses on how to implement the newly recognised human right to water and sanitation (HRtWS). We analyse the potential limitations of the human rights frame in the context of critiques that human rights are a liberal, Western discourse that does not reflect the lived experiences of non-Western countries. Through two case studies we find that there are two discourses emerging on how to implement the HRtWS. At the global level, as seen in the work of the UN Special Rapporteur on the HRtWS, we find a hegemonic discourse that is state-centric and market-friendly. In Bolivia, a country currently implementing a human rights-based approach to water services, we find a counter-hegemonic discourse on implementation. We argue that the hegemonic discourse is incomplete and does not fully address barriers to fulfilment of the right, such as state corruption and the needs of peri-urban residents.     

Beyond quota seats for women in the Tanzanian legislature

To assess the utility of quota experience in winning open seats, this article examined the factors explaining why only a small number of quota members of parliament (MPs) switch to non-quota seats in the context of Tanzania, where quota seats for women have been in place for three decades. Despite the socioeconomic and political forces offsetting the advantages of quota seats, special seats, if used effectively, are instrumental to winning constituency seats. To materialize a switch to a constituency seat, an early decision to run, strategic selection of a constituency, a track record of service to the target constituency, and mobilization of grassroots women are essential for special-seat women. The findings of this study, therefore, shed some light on how women’s parliamentary representation can move beyond the dependence on gender quotas.     

The Special Court for Sierra Leone’s Consideration of Gender-based Violence: Contributing to Transitional Justice?

Serious gender-based crimes were committed against women and girls during Sierra Leone’s decade-long armed conflict. This article examines how the Special Court for Sierra Leone has approached these crimes in its first four judgments. The June 20, 2007 trial judgment in the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council case assists international criminal law’s limited understanding of the crime against humanity of forced marriage, but also collapses evidence of that crime into the war crime of outrages upon personal dignity. The February 22, 2008 appeals judgment attempts to correct this misstep. In contrast, the August 2, 2007 trial judgment in the Civil Defence Forces case is virtually silent on crimes committed against women and girls, although the May 28, 2008 appeals judgment attempts to partially redress this silence. This article concludes that the four judgments, considered together, raise the specter that the Special Court could potentially fail to make a significant progressive contribution to gender-sensitive transitional justice.

浅谈数字特效在电影中的运用

数字电影特效的出现对电影艺术有积极的现实意义:表现传统影像不能表现的视觉奇观,满足网络时代观众的心理需要,真切地传达人的情感和心灵感受,表现人类创造影像的无穷潜力。但数字技术支撑下的数字电影特效是制造电影真实感的手段而不是目的,电影艺术家应抓住“人文”这一电影生存命脉,让电影绽放迷人的艺术魅力。     

论香港特別行政区立法会的功能和改革方向

在自由主义和民主主义结盟反对封建主义的历史进程中,形成了一套关于国家建构的系统学说。香港并非国家,但这套学说却在香港社会关于特别行政区立法会功能角色的讨论中拥有不小的影响力。片面强调"两制"差异,以自由主义代议制学说描摹一个地方行政单位的立法机构,终将沿着这套学说的国家建构逻辑挑战"一国"之本。本世纪初以来,香港特别行政区立法会出现内部对立、扩权,职能上轻立法、重监督的趋势和现象,与这种学说在香港社会的影响不无关系。就解决历史遗留的香港问题而言,"一国两制"是各方都能接受的"最大公约数",讲求平衡政府原则、混合政体设计的共和精神较契合香港特别行政区的这一政治现实,或可成为引导特别行政区立法会变革的方向之一。