Abweichender Aufteilungsschlüssel nach § 19 WEG 1975 – Übergangsrecht zum 3. WÄG

Nach stRsp bezieht sich die Rückwirkung eines Gesetzes nur auf jene Tatbest?nde, für die sie ausdrücklich ausgesprochen wird. Das übergangsrecht des 3. W?G h?lt am Grundsatz fest, dass neues Recht (hier: nach § 19 Abs 2 WEG 1975 einstimmig schriftlich zu vereinbarender, vom Anteilsverh?ltnis abweichender Aufteilungsschlüssel der Liftkosten) nicht auf Sachverhalte anzuwenden ist, die vor Inkrafttreten der neuen Bestimmung endgültig und abschlie?end verwirklicht worden sind (hier: Mehrheitsvereinbarung der Wohnungseigentümer gem § 19 Abs 1 Z 1 WEG 1975 idF § 56 Z 2 MRG). Auch § 56 Abs 9 WEG 2002 ?ndert nichts daran, dass die seinerzeit von den Wohnungseigentümern geschlossene Mehrheitsvereinbarung nach § 19 Abs 1 Z 1 WEG 1975 weiterhin wirksam bleibt.     

论证据运用中人权保障的缺陷及完善设想

当前证据运用中人权保障的缺陷主要存在于指导思想上不明晰、过高估计沉默权的效力、对当事人及其它诉讼参与人保障意识不够等方面;完善人权保障应从证据制度的目的、任务、原则、程序等方面去考虑,建立一整套完整的运用证据的规则体系,并体现在程序中。     

Ausgliederungen und Beleihungen im Spannungsfeld der Verfassung

Im letzten Jahrzehnt hat der VfGH eine Rsp-Linie zu Ausgliederungen und Beleihungen entwickelt, die zu einer intensiven literarischen Auseinandersetzung mit den vom VfGH aufgestellten Kriterien für Ausgliederungen und Beleihungen geführt hat. Die zentrale Rolle der demokratischen Legitimation und die Plausibilit?t eines beweglichen Systems der Beleihungskriterien stehen im Zentrum der vorliegenden Analyse. In weiterer Folge werden Fragen der Effizienz und der Rechtsstaatlichkeit thematisiert.     

Nacherbschaft – Eintritt in die Vereinbarung über die Dauer des Bestandverhältnisses

§ 1120 ABGB ist im Substitutionsfall analog auf den übergang der Bestandsache vom befreiten Vorerben auf den Nacherben anzuwenden. Das Kündigungsrecht nach § 1120 ABGB muss binnen angemessener Frist geltend gemacht werden, andernfalls die Vereinbarung über die Beendigung des Bestandverh?ltnisses doch ma?geblich ist, weil ein Eintritt des Erwerbers der Bestandsache in allf?llige vertragliche Kündigungsbeschr?nkungen auch schlüssig zwischen Erwerber und Bestandnehmer vereinbart werden kann.     

Continuities and Discontinuities in German Legal Thought

How does the history of your country and its legal traditions affect your identity as a citizen, researcher, teacher? In case you happen to be from Germany, how do you live with the memory of national crimes - and the fact that legal academia identified in significant numbers with the Nazi regime? Are there affinities in German legal traditions to anti-liberal ideologies and authoritarian mentalities? How did post-war Germany face its past? The essay does not try to address these questions systematically but through a narrative which seeks to trace the biographical impact of the German history.

     

Back to a Predominant Party System: The November 2015 Snap Election in Turkey

Abstract

Turkey’s snap parliamentary election in November 2015 took place in an environment of growing political violence and terrorism resulting from the renewal of the Kurdish conflict in the southeast and two major suicide bombings carried out by Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Presenting the coalition arithmetic, the article first examines the failure to form a government after the previous election five months earlier. It then examines the campaign for the November election, including party strategies, key issues and the role of the media, before analysing the results and the election winners and losers. In restoring a parliamentary majority for the Adalet ve Kalk?nma Partisi (Justice and Development Party – AKP) that has governed Turkey continuously for the past 13 years, the November election marked the basic continuity of Turkey’s predominant party system.     

Nazlı's photographic games: Said and art history in a contrapuntal mode

ABSTRACT

Through a focus on photographic portraits commissioned in the late nineteenth century by the Ottoman-Egyptian Princess Nazl? Han?m, Roberts analyses the ways they tested Ottoman and western conventions. An examination of Nazl?'s strategic engagement with photography in this period positions her within the often-separated domains of Egyptian nationalism, Ottoman political reform, western Orientalist art and a proto-feminist moment of Egyptian women's history. One of the striking things about the Nazl? portraits is their transgressive inventiveness. This is transgression as Edward Said defines it, with an emphasis on crossing boundaries, testing and challenging limits, and cutting across expectations. Nazl?'s inventiveness is apparent through her canny experimentation with the codes of portrait photography and the ways she deploys her portraits as tokens of exchange within her culture and with her European interlocutors. Roberts argues that Nazl? Han?m's use of photography operates in a contrapuntal mode in the Saidean sense of a simultaneity of voices that sound against, as well as with, each other. Over the last three decades Said's writings have provided a crucial methodological framework for the critique of western Orientalist visual culture. Recently art historians have repositioned this corpus of western imagery in relation to art by practitioners from the region and addressed cultural exchanges. Said's seminal text Orientalism has been pivotal within these debates. Yet it is not so much this landmark book, but rather Said's writings on music, in which we can find an alternative approach to cross-cultural exchange. By transposing this model into the domain of art history, Roberts engages with his notion of reading contrapuntally. Said was interested in the broader applicability of this term, although its potential as an interpretive model for the visual arts remains unexamined. Through this case study of Nazl? Han?m's photographs, Roberts reassesses the value of Said's writings on music for understanding nineteenth-century visual culture.     

Nothing Is True,Everything Is Permitted: Premodern Religious Terrorism

Abstract

In the beginning faith was the alpha and omega of revolutionary dreams and terrorist actions. This article will examine case studies among the Peoples of the Book—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—for religious terrorism is not the product of one faith. It argues that the cultural resonance of each movement examined offers a blank slate on which contemporary seekers, dreamers, and fighters may write. The title, borrowed from a popular novel, is the leitmotif of this form of violence. By all objective forms of analysis, the movements chronicled in these pages are a parade of seemingly stupid ideas held by idealists, fools, and fanatics who dreamed that, with God at their side, they could bring perfection to a fallen world. In such a cause, antinomian violence is inevitable and genocide its logical outcome. Yet these early movements are not to be despised, for together it was they, not the huddled masses cowering before the powers that be, that created the modern world.     

Technology,Reason and Globalisation?—O Brother!

The Coen Brothers' movie O Brother Where Art Thou is a ragbag of intertexts and gags that also pays very serious attention to questions of community and culture, class and race. In tracing the path of the protagonists through De-pression-era Mississippi, it takes its audiences through the experience of social transformation, from superstition and local concerns to a supposedly brave new (global and technological) world. Although the film is set in a distant time and place, it is informed by a very contemporary issue—the politics of technology, and its relation to the forces of globalisation. It is also a film that exemplifies what Certeau describes as the "cleavage which organizes modernity", a cleavage designated by the terms "science" (which is predicated on a law of rationality, and an imperative to explain, control and order) and "culture". We analyse the work of the film by drawing on the writings of Manuel Castells, Arjun Appadurai and Armand Mattelart to trace its explication of the questions of progress and communication in a world increasingly dominated by neo-liberal values.     

'[S]he was Convicted and Condemned'

This paper traces an archaeology of single motherhood, using the disparate examples of the prosecution of infanticide in early seventeenth-century London and the vilification of welfare-dependent single mothers in contemporary western societies, as presented in Slavoj?i?ek's analysis of the cultural logic of late Capitalism. The paper addresses the issues of media representations, the medicalisation of birth, and the defining and containing of the single procreative female before the law. These demonised representations are set against the problematic conservative notions of legitimate maternity and 'the family'. It is argued that contemporary stereotypical assumptions around single motherhood in examples from countries that have inherited their codes of justice from the Westminster system have their bases in early modern English culture and law.