全面落实农民公民权利的行动纲领——《中共中央国务院关于推进社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》的宪政解读

公民权利是宪法对人权的确认和保障,公民权利主体具有普遍性.我国宪法规定公民权利主体包括农民在内的所有中华人民共和国公民.宪法规定了广泛的公民权利,实施权利需要配置资源,在我国工业化进程中,宪法规定的农民的公民权利被搁置,造成农民公民权利的贫困.社会主义新农村建设,根本的就是解决农民问题,实现农民权利的问题.《中共中央 国务院关于进一步推进社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》是新时期国家全面落实农民公民权利的行动纲领.     

Environmental Stressors and Food Security in China

This article considers the immediate forces influencing China’s food system and food security. By immediate is meant events of the reform period, from the late 1970s to 2008. It begins by asking the question that has preoccupied specialists since the publication of Lester Brown’s Who Will Feed China? in 1995: How much arable land does China have? Is that land area sufficient to insure grain sufficiency? To insure food security? The article focuses on the human pressures on the food production environment, and then treats the effects of socioeconomic change: land, air, and water degradation. The core of the article examines six responses of the state to both perceived and actual environmental stressors: policy restricting arable land conversion, China’s one-child policy, investment in irrigation systems, the South–North Water Diversion Project, large-scale afforestation and reforestation campaigns, and the program to convert marginal agricultural lands to forests and grasslands.     

解读日本新版《防卫计划大纲》

2010年12月17日,日本新一期《防卫计划大纲》正式出台。作为指导日本国防建设的纲领性文件,新大纲将设定未来10年自卫队建设的总体方向。与前几份防卫大纲相比,新大纲在防卫构想、防卫重点、防卫力量建设等方面均做出了较大调整,有着鲜明的特点,反映了日本的防卫政策走向,其变化值得人们关注。     

评估兴边富民行动的实施效果:以内蒙古边境旗市为例的时间序列分析

在兴边富民行动开展10周年之际,评估兴边富民行动的实施效果具有重大的理论和现实意义。本文利用内蒙古边境旗市统计数据定量分析了兴边富民行动的实施效果。回归结果表明,总体而言内蒙古兴边富民行动实施效果并不令人满意,尽管第二产业获得加速发展,公路建设成效显著,也促进了边境地区的商品贸易,但基本上没有实现加速当地经济发展、加快改善农牧民生活水平的目的,而且卫生事业发展相对落后。     

我国城镇最低生活保障制度改革的微观模拟——基于劳动供给反应的政策效应研究

最低生活保障制度改革一直是我国社会与学界关注的重点，而由于微观数据和建模技术的匮乏．对于该问题的研究往往限于定性理解和总量分析。本文以计算机微观模拟技术为突破口，将微观主体的异质特征和行为决策机制纳入模拟的实验范畴，建立相应的模拟模型，对我国城镇居民最低生活保障制度改革进行深入的量化研究。结合区域经济现实，分别从历史特定的制度改革和政策参数的灵敏度实验两方面进行了微观模拟，实验结果量化了制度改革所引发的劳动供给与收入分配效应。同时揭示了制度潜在的低效率及其本质原因，并提出应对策略；为最低生活保障制度改革的评价与设计提供了建设性依据。     

THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT BLOCK GRANTS ON SERIOUS CRIME*

Research Summary The Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) Program was second only to the Community‐Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Program in its funding levels. Some $3 billion was dispensed to local jurisdictions to reduce crime and improve public safety; yet the effects of LLEBG funding on crime have been all but ignored. Accordingly, panel data from more than 5,000 cities covering a 12‐year period (1990–2001) were collected, and index crime rates were regressed on LLEBG funding and appropriate demographic controls. Additional controls for police levels and other federal grants were also introduced, proper checks for endogeneity of grants (and police levels) were performed, and the models were subjected to an array of robustness checks. A consistent message emerged: LLEBG Program funding was associated with significant reductions in serious crime. Policy Implications Although LLEBG funding seemed to reduce serious crime, the results also revealed that the decrease did not occur through the hiring of additional police officers, even though many funds were used for that purpose. Other mechanisms were thus at work, but the data did not provide insights into what these mechanisms were. In any case, every $1 in LLEBG funding per capita was associated with approximately 59 fewer index crimes per 100,000 people. When combined with the findings from recent studies of the effects of community policing grants on crime, this study suggests additional federal support for local law‐enforcement agencies should be considered.     

美国TANF项目及其对我国的启示

为了保障贫困家庭维持基本生活,实现社会公平和社会进步,各个国家都相应实施了不同的福利政策,以实现社会救助的目的。美国的社会救助建设比我国起步早,发展成熟。TANF项目作为美国的一个联邦援助计划,1996年取代了美国推行61年的AFDC项目,是美国现行社会救助体系的核心与基础。TANF项目旨在帮助那些单亲家庭或是父母双方当中有一人无劳动能力或是长期失业的家庭,推行之后取得一定成果的同时也存在一些问题,对我国建设社会救助有一定启迪作用。     

Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: Components Implemented by Elementary Classroom and Specialist Teachers

We investigated implementation fidelity of programmatic activities of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) among 2,022 teachers, 88.5% female, from 88 elementary schools located in Pennsylvania. Results indicated that the majority of respondents had attended the school kick-off event, posted the rules in the classroom, and explained the rules to students. Receiving booster sessions and activities involving parental involvement were the least likely elements to have been performed. Logistic regression analyses revealed that teachers with confidence in their ability to implement the OBPP had completed all of the OBPP programmatic activities. Similarly, multiple regression analysis results revealed that teachers with self-efficacy to implement the OBPP implemented more components than respondents without self-efficacy. In addition, teachers with more OBPP experience were more likely to have completed individual-level activities. Our findings reveal that certain OBPP components are easier to perform than others and that implementer characteristics matter.     

This land is my land: the Ethio-Sudan boundary and the need to rectify arbitrary colonial boundaries

Ethiopia and Sudan share a common boundary of over 1600 km which was drawn through a series of treaties between Ethiopia and the colonial powers of Britain and Italy. To date, this boundary has not been clearly demarcated. In 2007, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, the current ruling government, entered into a secret agreement with the Sudan to make adjustments on the border. This paper identifies the major factors that have frustrated efforts to address the Ethio-Sudan boundary problem and also proposes solutions on how Ethiopia and Sudan could resolve their differences. The analysis reveals that political, social and cultural factors; the decision to adopt the western concept of the boundary; and the failure to recognise the historic and cultural constructs have contributed to the frustration of negotiations on the border. The paper proposes that Ethiopia and Sudan embrace the African Union Border Program, which encourages mutual cooperation, regional integration and the building of communities with strong economic and cultural ties.