宗教的功能性本质及其场域表现——以社会学功能论视角所进行的分析

宗教功能本质是社会群体及个人在有意识或无意识下寻求心理安全和生理安全的一种信仰工具及所形成的仪式化的体系,它与宗教的实质性本质一起构成了宗教本质的共性和个性体现.在国家和社会关系场域中,宗教的功能性本质表现为国家通常通过控制宗教方式以达到调解社会群体的安全感而保持社会的稳定,而社会则通常通过世俗化宗教的方式以达到宗教为个体所用,从而捍卫群体和个人的安全.     

WTO：地方政府行为的博弈分析

中国入世后,开放与市场化改革正在深入。作为经济发展主要推动者的地方政府与中央政府在管理体制、事权关系、利益协调上存在着矛盾,地方政府与企业的关系也需重新界定。深入剖析地方政府与中央政府、地方政府与企业的两组博弈关系,阐明当前政府管理体制中存在的缺陷与问题,对推动政府管理体制改革,促进地方政府职能创新是非常必要的。     

Environmental migrations in Central Asia: a multifaceted approach to the issue

ABSTRACT

Increasingly, studies are considering Central Asia a ‘hot spot’ of climate change and a region prone to environmental migrations. Growing aridity and the shrinking of glaciers may have important impacts on food security, health, human security and infrastructure in the region and compel people to move. Drawing on the literature on environmental issues in Central Asia and on interviews conducted in the Kuhistoni-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan, this article provides a literature survey on environmental migrations in the region and positions Central Asia in the current debates within the broad environmental migrations literature. The article shows that environmental issues can stand out as an important push factor for out-migration in Central Asia, highlights the important role of the Soviet heritage of environmental management as well as of post-Soviet socio-economic transformations in understanding these issues, and discusses possible adaptation strategies.     

‘Don’t become a lost specimen!’: polygyny and motivational interconnectivity in Kyrgyzstan

ABSTRACT

Why would a woman agree to wed a legally married man when the state would neither recognize her marriage nor grant her alimony, child support or inheritance rights? Although the Communist Party curtailed the rate of openly acknowledged polygynous marriages among the Kyrgyz, its work was undone by glasnost and perestroika, which ushered in a permissive environment. This article highlights constructions of gender as a driver of polygyny in Kyrgyzstan from the perspective of women who voluntarily become second wives. The Kyrgyz case suggests that the cultural value of marriage and motherhood – traditions that grant women communal identities, power and prestige – might lead a woman to consent to second-wife status. I employ the concept of motivational interconnectivity, defined as two or more related reasons women make important personal decisions that have societal repercussions, to explain a woman’s decision to become a second wife.     

State-run media outlets in Central Asia: external regime legitimation through regional conflict and cooperation framing

ABSTRACT

In this article, we empirically examine how the Central Asian states apply external regime legitimation strategies to legitimize their regimes domestically. We used the Central Asia Watch Project’s data from five Central Asian state-run media outlets to examine spatial and temporal changes in regime legitimation strategies. All the Central Asian countries employed external regime legitimation strategies, but those strategies differ based on regime type. Overall, we see continuity and persistence in reporting regional cooperation but underreporting of regional conflict throughout the 2016–2017 timeframe of this study.     

美国城市的法律地位——狄龙规则的过去与现在

狄龙规则是美国处理州和地方关系的重要原则。它认为城市是州立法机关的创造物,州立法机关对其组织和结构具有绝对的控制力。狄龙规则自诞生以来就不断受到各种冲击。二战后,美国各州相继确立了地方自治制度,地方相对于州而言取得了较大的自治权。与此同时,美国联邦政府却开始通过经济渗透逐步介入地方事务,城市逐渐陷入联邦的控制。狄龙规则的变迁体现了权力制衡,地方政府在摆脱州权控制的同时又受到了联邦权力制约。     

行政法治视野下的中央与地方权限冲突——以国有自然资源为考察视角

我国进入全面改革阶段后,中央与地方的矛盾和冲突几乎就没有停止过。目前我国处于向市场经济体制转型的过渡时期,权限冲突引发的问题阻碍了经济社会的进一步改革和发展,国有自然资源领域的中央与地方权限冲突就是一个缩影。调整中央与地方关系,需要有一套系统思维和制度框架。应在中央与地方关系中树立法律的权威,实行中央与地方之间的法律分权。同时完善其他相关制度,以实现中央与地方关系的和谐发展。     

Political and social networks in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: ‘clan’, region and beyond

A major debate among scholars studying Central Asian societies concerns the structure of social and political networks in the region. Still unresolved is the issue of whether to define such networks in terms of ‘clans’, ‘regionalism’, or personal networks. This article, based on data collected during fieldwork in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, attempts to understand these social and political networks. It suggests that networks are very complex. The networks in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan draw on various loyalties including ties of family, friendship, work, education, and patron-client relationships. They are neither purely regional nor purely clan-based. Personal networks, factions, and self-interest play important roles. At the elite level, networks more closely resemble patron-client networks, which may or may not include regional or kinship ties. Among ordinary people, such ties tend to be based on localism, kinship, and/or patronage relationships.     

推进农村改革发展的行动纲领——谈十七届三中全会的重大意义

党的十七届三中全会作出的《关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》,深刻总结了改革开放以来农村改革发展的宝贵经验,科学判断了农村改革发展的历史方位,科学勾勒了新一轮农村改革发展的新路径,是推进新一轮农村改革发展的行动纲领。     

修改国家赔偿法应做到“与时俱进”

我国国家赔偿法的修改应与时俱进,应扩大赔偿范围,提高赔偿的标准,建立赔偿义务机关与赔偿金支付机关分离的制度,并解决国家赔偿确认难的问题。