柏拉图的正义观探析

柏拉图的<理想国>就是一部"正义论".在<理想国>一书中,柏拉图从批判可经验的具体正义着手,引出了国家的正义概念.他提出正义就是国家中每一阶层人尽其材、各司其职、不相僭越.柏拉图的正义观对后世产生了巨大的影响,同时也受到了许多的误解和批评.在理解柏拉图的正义观时,我们应把它放到古希腊历史情境的深处去思考,放到哲学情境中去思考,以免忽视了经典理论中蕴含的普遍性成分的永恒价值.     

中国国家赔偿制度之检讨

国家赔偿制度的价值有两个,一是保障公民的合法权益不受侵害和受到侵害后获得法律救济权利,二是规范国家机关及其工作人员的行为。实践中我国国家赔偿制度的价值被大大地弱化了。应该从弥补实体规则的缺陷,克服结构(体制)的制约因素,矫正法律文化的畸形等方面努力,使国家赔偿制度真正发挥作用。     

The Zuma moment: between tender-based capitalists and radical economic transformation

ABSTRACT

The Jacob Zuma Presidency (2009–2017) was dogged by persistent allegations of corruption and the looting of State Owned Enterprises (SOE’s) by those allied to him. It led to allegations of state capture that placed the Gupta family at the centre of this project. These allegations have been highly contested, with Zuma supporters arguing that he has come under attack because of his support for the BRICS alliance (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), which they hold challenges Western imperial interests. Alongside this are those aligned to the Gupta family, arguing that the real culprits of state capture, both historically and in contemporary South Africa, is White Monopoly Capital (WMC), through its ability to determine macro-economic policy. At the heart of this contest is what has come to be known as tender-based capitalists who sought to use access to SOE’s for the accumulation of capital. This process has been defended on the basis that it has the potential to lead a radical economic transformation (RET) that that can challenge the power of WMC. Others have held that this argument is a mere fig leaf for the looting of state coffers, eroding its capacity for deeper developmental initiatives and fostering a parasitic class. This article that focusses on this debate that entered the heart of the African National Congress (ANC) and threatened to tear it apart takes the form of a conjunctural analysis; conjuncture defined as an amalgam ‘of circumstances, a convergence of events, an intersection of contingencies and necessities, a complex, overdetermined state of affairs-usually producing a crisis, leading to breaking point, driving to historic crossroads’ (Mowitt 2015 Mowitt, John. 2015. “In The Conjuncture.” In Cultural Critique. Vol. 89, 125–127. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. [Google Scholar], 125).     

诉讼保障制度的必要性

法官自由裁量权的存在 ,使司法裁判过程既受到社会各方面的广泛关注 ,同时也不可避免地受到来自国家、社会、当事人 ,乃至社会公众舆论等各方面正当或不正当的影响 ,正确分析和了解这些因素对司法过程的不同影响 ,有助于我们进一步完善诉讼保障体制 ,以尽可能地减少或者防止其对司法独立与司法公正可能的不良影响。     

国家赔偿法弊端管见

国家赔偿法自实施多年来 ,赔偿案件少 ,赔偿数额低 ,获赔困难 ,有失当初立法的良好初衷。文章从立法方面对国家赔偿法存在的弊端作了一些探讨。     

Interrupted evolution: the Serbian medieval assembly (Sabor)

This article discusses the origins, evolution, composition and competence of the State Sabor – the assembly of medieval Serbia. Since there are no preserved written documents that prescribe its structure, competence or decision-making procedure, all research regarding the Sabor has to be based on the accounts of individual Sabors held throughout Serbian medieval history. This article also aims to show the power relations between the Sabor and the monarch and to determine the criteria according to which matters were taken before the Sabor. Finally, a short comparison is made of the Sabor to the assemblies of neighbouring countries – Bosnia, Byzantium and Hungary. The article concludes with some final remarks about the nature of the Sabor and its legacy after the conquest of Serbia by the Ottoman Empire.     

高校国家助学贷款的问题与对策

国家助学贷款是我国对普通高校经济困难学生所采取的一项重大资助措施,但存在着一定程度的学生欠贷、银行惜贷、后期管理难等问题。本文就此问题进行了分析,并提出相应对策。     

侵犯国家秘密犯罪立法研究

一个国家的法制总是有一个从不完备到完备的发展过程,尽管在修订1979年《刑法》时,立法者为了使新《刑法》的"侵犯国家秘密犯罪"具有科学性,已采取了一些合理的举措,但在犯罪分类、罪状表述、法定刑配置等方面仍存在一定的缺陷。对此,在现阶段,应通过刑法修正案等方式对有关条文予以完善;在重新修订刑法典时,则有必要重建其体系。     

核损害赔偿的基本原则

核能的和平发展和利用,是20世纪人类最重大的科技成就之一。核电站于上世纪50年代左右开始起步,到本世纪已经达到了商业化发展的水平,成为一种具有吸引力的能源。但是,核能的和平利用在给人类社会带来巨大好处的同时,也伴随着巨大的风险。随着前苏联切尔诺贝利和日本福岛等重大核事故的不断发生,核安全特别是核损害赔偿问题日益引起国际社会的广泛关注。通过对与核损害赔偿有关的国际公约和各国国内法进行系统整理,总结出核损害赔偿的基本原则,可为我国制定《核安全法》提供有益的经验。     

社会福利保障的宪法路径选择

世界各国宪法保障社会福利有两种模式,一种是在宪法中列举各种社会权利的"社会权"保障模式,另一种是仅在宪法中明确建设社会国家的原则或者类似条款的"社会国"保障模式。从我国《宪法》的现有规定及其变迁、宪法的解释与学界的解读看,我国属于"社会权"模式。"社会权"保障模式的缺陷是随着民众追求平等意识的成长、市场机制的扩展和公民权利意识的增强,社会福利可能借助宪法无序、无限地扩张。通过淡化社会福利的权利性质、转变社会权的合宪性审查的方向、扩展反射利益推进社会福利以及贯彻宪法设立的可承受性、适度性原则,可以推进我国社会福利宪法保障模式由"社会权"模式向"社会国"模式转换。