侦查环节刑事被害人国家补偿制度刍议

在侦查阶段，由于公安机关未破获案件或做出撤销案件决定，导致刑事诉讼中断，从而使犯罪被害人无法通过正常诉讼途径获得赔偿而身陷绝境，因此在侦查环节亟需建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度。建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度有其理论基础和必要性。当前，我国在侦查环节建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度必须以公安机关撤销案件或在法定期限内未侦破案件为前提，从补偿对象、补偿条件、补偿金额及其来源、补偿机构与补偿程序、国家追偿等方面予以规范。     

民营经济融资难的制度原因

民营经济虽然已经成为推动中国经济发展的重要力量之一,但中国民营经济的融资现状却不容乐观,民营经济融资难问题已经成为制约中国经济持续发展的瓶颈。民营经济融资难是和银行对民营经济的贷款偏小有关,其根本原因在于信用制度与监督制度的缺陷。这些缺陷造成了中国企业的“道德风险”、逃废债。另外,信用评估制度不完善导致银行难以得到企业信息,而在政府补贴国有企业与银行时,其结果就会是银行贷款偏好国有企业,引起民营经济融资难。解决民营经济融资难的问题需要完善相关制度,制度的完善有赖于提高国家的制度转型能力。     

无因管理中的损害赔偿问题

无因管理中的损害赔偿问题是无因管理制度的一个重要内容,该问题的研究需要对无因管理制度在不同国家、不同时期的制度渊源、制度价值以及利益衡量进行考察。     

民事检察的面相——一个研究性述评

作为一种国家干预,民事检察与法律监督有何关联,国家干预的正当性何在,干预到底限定在多大范围,这些问题无疑是民事检察的基础问题。回答这些问题既要面向我国现行法制,也要作返回原点式的考察,更需要结合民事检察改革进行必要的展望。     

Retirement pensions and gender： The Spanish case from the European perspective

The European Union in its task of coordinating the different social protection systems recommends member countries to take steps to prevent economic imbalances caused by ageing populations. Spain and other European countries-such as Sweden, Italy or Germany, follow the trends marked by the European Union with regard to pensions. In recent years, these countries have carried out reforms to be entitled to benefits, increase the proportionality between contributions and benefits and introduce formulas similar to private funded systems. These reforms will lead to retirement pensions linked to contributions becoming an airtight system, thus excluding the most vulnerable workers from them. This work aims to show that this type of restrictive measures despite being formulated in a neutral way, fail to correct-and actually increase-the differences between women and men in employment, since women are more affected by unstable working conditions than men. Lower wages for women and higher incidences of their careers being interrupted to attend to family duties will make access for women to retirement pensions even harder. The shortfalls in the protection of retirement pensions contrast sharply with a common European employment policy which aims to raise the employment rate of women. Having examined the incidence of this type of reforms from a gender perspective, the final aim of the work will be to show whether the European directive against discrimination regarding Social Security, headed by Directive 79/7 and displayed in the European Court of Justice＇s case law, constitutes an adequate regulatory tool to neutralize those reforms which lead to indirect discrimination.     

珠江流域公益林生态补偿的困难与对策——以贵州省为例

珠江流域地区面临沉重的生态压力,补偿路径受限、补偿标准较低是其面临的主要困难。增强林权保护意识、适当提高公益林生态补偿标准并加强省际合作,加强公益林生态补偿的横向机制和纵向机制有助于解决贵州面临的公益林生态补偿困难,并最终有助于珠江流域地区公益林的建设。     

Persistence of innovation: stylised facts and panel data evidence

This paper investigates whether firms innovate persistently or discontinuously over time using an innovation panel data set on German manufacturing and service firms for the period 1994–2002. It turns out that innovation behaviour is permanent at the firm level to a very large extent. Using a dynamic random effects discrete choice model and a new estimator recently proposed by Wooldridge (2005), I further shed some light on the driving forces for this phenomenon. The econometric results show that past innovation experience is an important determinant for manufacturing as well as for service sector firms, and hence confirm the hypothesis of true state dependence. In addition, the results highlight the important role of knowledge provided by skilled employees and unobserved individual heterogeneity in explaining the persistence of innovation.

Outlining the Shadow of the Axe—On Restorative Justice and the Use of Trial and Punishment

Most proponents of restorative justice admit to the need to find a well defined place for the use of traditional trial and punishment alongside restorative justice processes. Concrete answers have, however, been wanting more often than not. John Braithwaite is arguably the one who has come the closest, and here I systematically reconstruct and critically discuss the rules or principles suggested by him for referring cases back and forth between restorative justice and traditional trial and punishment. I show that we should be sceptical about at least some of the answers provided by Braithwaite, and, thus, that the necessary use of traditional punishment continues to pose a serious challenge to restorative justice, even at its current theoretical best.

吏学得失与扬弃

吏学是围绕吏制研究所阐发的思想、观念、原理、学说。该研究同政治的阴晴、法治的兴衰紧密相连 ,同时对于现代社会转型中的权力制约也颇具意义。而吏制的研究 ,无非包括得与失、成与败、优与劣两个方面。成功者为经验 ,失败者为教训。以史为鉴 ,这就是本文的出发点和目的     

Collection and direct amplification methods using the GlobalFiler™ kit for DNA recovered from common pipe bomb substrates

When analyzing DNA from exploded pipe bombs, quantities are often in trace amounts, making DNA typing extremely difficult. Amplifying minute amounts of DNA can cause stochastic effects resulting in partial or uninterpretable profiles. Therefore, the initial DNA collection from “touch” evidence must be optimized to maximize the amount of DNA available for analysis.This proof-of-concept study evaluated two different swab types with two direct amplification strategies to identify the most effective method for recovering DNA from common pipe bomb substrates. PVC and steel pipes, electrical tape, and copper wire spiked with epithelial cells were swabbed with cotton or microFLOQ® Direct Swabs and amplified directly or via a pre-treatment prior to STR amplification.Not only was the microFLOQ® Direct Swab protocol the quickest method with the least risk of contamination, but in combination with direct amplification, the microFLOQ® Direct Swabs also generated the most complete STR profiles.