解决公民信“访”不信“法”问题的对策

信访制度是我国公民政治参与和民意表达诉求的重要渠道,也是实现和维护公民权利的具体形式。本文分析了当前公民涉法涉诉类信访存在的信＂访＂不信＂法＂问题的主要弊端,剖析了其深层次原因,结合我国法律、政治等实际提出了综合解决方案,以期对建设社会主义政治文明有所裨益。     

Distribution profile of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) in rats after oral and subcutaneous doses

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) is one of the potent hallucinogenic phenylalkylamines, whose ingestion has already caused several deaths reported all over the world. However, there is unsufficient information on DOB properties based on controlled pharmacokinetic studies available. The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution profile of DOB and its phenolic metabolite 2-methoxy-5-hydroxy-4-bromoamphetamine (2M5H4BA) in blood and biological tissues of experimental rats. The rats were administered a 20 mg/kg dose of DOB·HCl by oral ingestion or subcutaneous injection. Plasma and brain, liver and lung tissues were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 h after dosing (three animals per time point). The samples were prepared by a liquid–liquid extraction procedure and the extracts were assayed by GC–MS. After per oral application, DOB peak plasma level of 320 ng/mL was reached after one-hour post dosing as well as 2M5H4BA peak concentration of 203 ng/mL. A rapid phase of DOB absorption, 2M5H4BA formation and their tissue distribution during the first two hours after application were followed by a slow decrease rate of the elimination process until 32 h. After subcutaneous application, high plasma levels of the unchanged parent drug and relatively reduced formation of its metabolite 2M5H4BA were observed. DOB maximum plasma concentration of 1143 ng/mL was reached after one-hour post application, whereas its metabolite peak level after 8 h was 213 ng/mL. The concentration profiles of both compounds in plasma after per oral and subcutaneous administration revealed the existence of significant first pass effect after per oral administration that significantly affected DOB bioavailability. DOB tissue concentrations exceeded plasma and the highest values were found in the lungs, where drug accumulation occurred with prolonged retention till 32 h after subcutaneous dose. Although the plasma/tissue transfer was more effective for the lipophilic parent drug than for its hydroxylated metabolite 2M5H4BA, the metabolite tissue levels were significant. The hallucinogenic potential of 2M5H4BA appearing in brain remains unclear as nothing is known about its pharmacological activity at present.     

“命案必破”的逻辑解析

“命案必破”是一个规范命题,承诺命题,同时又是一个必然模态命题。“命案必破”之因,产生了公安工作发展之果;公安工作发展之果又不断促进“命案必破”目标的实现;“命案必破”目标的不断实现必然促进社会治安秩序的稳定;社会治安秩序的稳定又为构建社会主义和谐社会提供强有力的保障。因此,无论从逻辑上对命题本身的解读,还是对命题与实践结果的因果分析,都可以得出一个结论,“命案必破”命题的提出不但是科学的,而且具有十分积极的社会意义。     

公共利益分层——公私益关系的新视角

传统公私益对立论存在着严重缺陷。公益与私益之间存在着诸多的一致性,从二者的构成来看,公益由私益组成,而私益最主要的构成部分也是公益。因而公私益之间是一种对立与一致并存的复杂关系,这是二者之间的第一层关系(基本关系)。由于公私益之间的一致性,因而公益与私益的冲突转变为了公益与公益之间的冲突,这种冲突的解决需要引入公益分层理论。公益与私益之间的第二层关系(地位关系)在公益分层理论之下,呈现出一种复杂的动态关系。     

在意思自治与法律强制之间——关于物权法定原则的思考

物权法定原则是物权法的一项古老原则,曾被认为是我国制定物权法立法过程中最少争议的原则。但一段时间以来,对该原则的质疑多了起来,有人认为物权法定原则造成了物权体系的封闭和僵化,限制了当事人的意思自治。客观地说,在目前,坚持物权法定比允许物权自由创设更符合我国的实际需要,能够更有效地保证交易安全和交易迅捷,有效地控制交易成本,从而提高资源的配置效率。     

汽车牌照的性质及其在物权法上的作用——兼评汽车牌照的拍卖

汽车牌照是汽车上路行驶的法律要件之一,但是汽车牌照能够成为拍卖的标的吗?从法律上考察,汽车牌照是何性质呢?汽车牌照与汽车之间是一种什么样的关系呢?作者主要从以下三个方面论述了有关汽车牌照的问题:一是汽车牌照的非财产性质;二是被拍卖后的汽车牌照的财产性质及其所带来的问题;三是汽车牌照在物权法上的作用。最后,笔者得出结论:汽车牌照是不能拍卖的。通过汽车牌照的拍卖以达到限制汽车增长的目的也不可能实现,并且是违反伦理的。     

Developmental Validation of the Quantifiler® Duo DNA Quantification Kit for Simultaneous Quantification of Total Human and Human Male DNA and Detection of PCR Inhibitors in Biological Samples*

Abstract: The Quantifiler^® Duo DNA Quantification kit enables simultaneous quantification of human DNA and human male DNA as well as detection of inhibitors of PCR in a single real-time PCR well. Pooled human male genomic DNA is used to generate standard curves for both human (ribonuclease P RNA component H1) and human male (sex determining region Y) specific targets. A shift in the cycle threshold (C_T) values for the internal positive control monitors the presence of PCR inhibitors in a sample. The assay is human specific and exhibits a high dynamic range from 0.023 to 50 ng/μL. In addition, the multiplex assay can detect as little as 25 pg/μL of human male DNA in the presence of a 1000-fold excess of human female DNA. The multiplex assay provides assessment of the DNA extract and guidance for the selection of the appropriate AmpFℓSTR^® Amplification Kit to obtain interpretable short tandem repeat profiles.     

正义、文明传承与后代人：“代际正义的可能与限度”

代际正义是一种新的社会正义形式。现在法学各个学科后代人权利、代际公平原则、可持续发展等问题的研究,迫切需要使用语义分析的方法对于代际正义的概念、特征和要素进行明确的界定,以使法学研究能够在一个清晰和确定的学术范畴基础上展开,避免由于对代际正义理解不同而造成理论上不必要的争议。     

大学生沉溺网络现象分析

网络沉溺现象有着复杂的因果关系,从发展心理学角度分析,包括角色同一性认知缺失、亲密感建立不完善、自我意识发展中的个人辩证分析失衡和人生价值观不成熟等众多因素。从发展的角度分析,大学生网络沉溺现象的发生不是单一大学阶段教育的问题,而是大学生在个体发展中长期存在不可调和矛盾的集中爆发,因此,要减少或避免大学生沉溺网络,从未进大学抓起。     

Developmental validation of a novel lateral flow strip test for rapid identification of human blood (Rapid Stain Identification™-Blood)

Human blood is the body fluid most commonly encountered at crime scenes, and blood detection may aid investigators in reconstructing what occurred during a crime. In addition, blood detection can help determine which items of evidence should be processed for DNA-STR testing. Unfortunately, many common substances can cause red-brown stains that resemble blood. Furthermore, many current human blood detection methods are presumptive and prone to false positive results. Here, the developmental validation of a new blood identification test, Rapid Stain Identification™-Blood (RSID™-Blood), is described. RSID™-Blood utilizes two anti-glycophorin A (red blood cell membrane specific protein) monoclonal antibodies in a lateral flow strip test format to detect human blood. We present evidence demonstrating that this test is accurate, reproducible, easy to use, and highly specific for human blood. Importantly, RSID™-Blood does not cross-react with ferret, skunk, or primate blood and exhibits no high-dose hook effect. Also, we describe studies on the sensitivity, body fluid specificity, and species specificity of RSID™-Blood. In addition, we show that the test can detect blood from a variety of forensic exhibits prior to processing for DNA-STR analysis. In conclusion, we suggest that RSID™-Blood is effective and useful for the detection of human blood on forensic exhibits, and offers improved blood detection when compared to other currently used methods.