因输血感染所致损害的法律救济探析

在因输血使患者感染疾病的场合,如果血液提供者存在过错,由于过错责任原则的存在,患者可获得的法律救济较为简单。如果血液提供方没有过错,患者会求助于货物销售、默示担保、产品责任法律制度,诉讼前景不容乐观。货物与服务的二分法排除了在医疗输血领域货物销售法律制度的适用。血液提供的必要性、不可替代性和风险的不可避免性否定了默示担保和严格责任的适用余地。要获得产品责任制度的益处,患者要跨过"产品"、"缺陷"、"发展抗辩"三道关口,结果可想而知。     

网络虚拟物品的商品属性研究

网络游戏纠纷的实质是对网络游戏新技术成果——虚拟物品性质的定位。从科技发展结果角度出发,通过对网络游戏中虚拟物品的产生及性质进行综合分析,可以得出网络中的虚拟物品的物质属性。最后通过对商品、价值的分析说明虚拟物品受物权保护的必然性。     

Technological Distribution in Uganda: Information and Communications Technology and the State in an Eastern African Nation

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) include old technologies—such as the radio and the television—as well as newer technologies—such as the Internet and wireless telephony. This study considers the process that the government of Uganda has used to adopt and implement ICT policy. This study also considers the techniques which the government of Uganda has used to distribute ICTS in public locations such as government offices, schools, and hospitals. In particular, this study attempts to consider the political motivations for distribution. The Ugandan government's attempt to distribute this technology reflects strengths in the area of distribution of artefacts, particularly to rural areas. Information and communications technologies are an important part of the Ugandan economy. In addition, ICTs strengthen the ability of citizens to communicate with each other across regional and language borders through shared access points. Methodologically, this paper uses the case study method. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with politicians, policy makers, civil society activists, citizens, academics, medical personnel, regional government officials, and business people. This paper argues that politicians use ICTs as a component of a basket of goods and services that they can distribute to witnessing publics. This paper argues that ICT should be viewed as a type of infrastructure, and that as a public good, it can be used as a “club” good or “pork.” Although several authors discuss the potential of ICTs as democratizing, this paper documents that the Ugandan government has employed ICTs in oppressive ways, including for the surveillance of opposition leaders, and for social control.     

试论警务社会化的路径选择

警务社会化是新时期有效供给安全社会秩序的科学合理的途径选择。当前我国实行警务社会化很有必要。应当采取多种路径加以推广。     

论高速公路危险化学品运输泄漏事故应急处置机制

危险化学品运输一旦在高速公路发生泄漏事故，轻则引发长时间、大面积交通堵塞，中断交通，重则严重危害人民群众生命财产安全，影响社会大局稳定。及时、得当和有效处理危险化学品运输泄漏事故，需要建立健全分类管理、分级负责、紊块结合、属地管理为主的应急管理机制，建立高速公路危险化学品运输泄漏事故应急救援机制和常备方案，妥善应对危机每个阶段。     

试论赃款赃物追缴策略与方法

赃款赃物追缴涉及经济犯罪被害人、国家和社会集体的经济利益，经侦实战部门应该运用相应的策略和方法提高追赃的效率，根据经济犯罪案件的特点，侦查人员可以运用快速制敌、内审外调结合、打击与追赃并重、善意取得的例外、整体作战和依法处理追赃涉及的相关犯罪的追赃策略以及可以采取分类追缴的方法。     

侦查中的控赃思维

赃物持有者多与案犯有着直接或间接的联系,控制和发现赃物,顺迹追踪案犯就成为侦查的一条思路。赃物出售中暴露最充分,重点在控制销赃环节。但赃物转移、修理、改装和使用过程中也有所暴露,这为查控赃物提供了可能。犯罪嫌疑人的销赃方式多种多样,主要有:甲地作案,乙地销赃;改变特征,折价转手;化整为零,廉价出手;物色买主,暗中成交;伪造身份,冒名顶替;转为赌资,抵押脱手;以物易物,转手销赃;以及待机作案,预售销赃等。侦查中可灵活运用个体差异思维法、见微知著思维法、断其后路思维法、制造紧张思维法和先激后诱思维法等进行控制。     

Public goods, taxes, and takings

Blume, Rubinfeld, and Shapiro [Blume, L., Rubinfeld, D., & Shapiro, P. (1984). The taking of law: When should compensation be paid? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 99, 71–92] first showed that compensation for takings can lead to a moral hazard problem that results in overinvestment in land suitable for public use. To the contrary, this paper shows that when compensation is financed by a proportional property tax, the compensation rule is irrelevant regarding the level of investment landowners make in their property, as well as the amount of land they authorize the government to acquire, both of which will be efficient. Intuitively, landowners recognize the equivalence of taxes and takings in budgetary terms, causing the distortionary effects of compensation and property taxation to cancel each other out through the balanced budget condition.     

Negative Capital and the Wealth of Nations

The so-called global economy has generated tremendous international wealth inequality that only increases as globalization deepens. This process is capped by the failure of classical economic theory to incorporate such free market externalities as negative capital . Negative capital can be defined as situations, events, or environmental conditions that degrade or threaten to degrade the standard of living or life expectancy of great numbers of persons, including those living in wealthy nations. These problems cut across issues of sovereignty and security, economic development, and the environment. They can be monetized and have value because the rich will have to pay in order to mitigate them, whether at home or abroad. Payment can take many forms, but it will involve a politics of redistribution. Negative capital is a systemic phenomenon "in nature" without which the classical economic theory is both incomplete and notably ideological. A tamed and therefore enlightened free market, that recognizes and addresses negative capital, may be better equipped to resolve the situations created by its inherent inadequacies.     

对个人持有淫秽物品警务处置的法律分析

2003年的陕西“夫妻看黄碟事件”、任超奇电脑存黄片案、唐尚海手机存黄案等案件都引起了社会公众的关注,这些案件最后都以公安机关的“低头”而终结,至今却仍未见有相关法规出台。文章对事件的法律性质进行了分析,认为私人单纯地持有、欣赏“淫秽物品”不构成违法犯罪,而属于需要排除行政权等非法干涉的私权范围,同时也对公安执法的改进进行了思考。