Foreign Aid and Global Public Goods: Impure Publicness,Cost Differentials and Negative Conjectures

Recently, politicians stressed the relevance of an old international policy to raise the provision of international or global public goods: foreign aid. Among such international or global public goods is the provision of climate policy, protection of the ozone layer and international waters. In this paper, we analyze the effect of foreign aid on international climate policy. We take account of cost differentials among countries in producing the public good, ancillary benefits of climate policy, alternative technologies independently generating ancillary benefits and non-zero conjectures.JEL classification:H41, Q28     

抢劫罪对象问题三论

抢劫罪是指以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法抢劫公私财物的行为。但是,对于像不动产、违禁品等这样一些特殊物品能否成为抢劫罪的对象,则无论国外还是国内刑法理论界都存在争论。而这些争论往往会导致在实践中对某种行为罪与非罪以及此罪与彼罪上的认定差异。因此,对抢劫罪的对象问题进行一定程度的专题探讨,就具有很大的理论与实践意义。     

Social Heterogeneity and Optimal Mix Between Public and Private Provision of Public Goods

With a framework of incomplete contract, this paper shows that for provision of public goods such as medicare and education, pure privatization may not promote competition. On the contrary, the co-existence of public and private provision may enhance de facto competition. Two competitive effects are identified. When consumers are heterogeneous, the co-existence of public and private ownership gives consumers freedom to choose from different ownership, improving allocation efficiency (Tiebout effect). While consumers are homogeneous, the co-existence can promote yardstick competition, squeezing out information rents from both ownerships, improving production efficiency (benchmarking effect). In either case, the co-existence dominates unique ownership. The paper ends up with some implications for China.s medicare and education reforms. Yongqin Wang is an assistant professor at China Center for Economic Studies, Fudan University and Haibo Xu is a M.A. student in economics at the same center. We thank Te Bao, Zhao Chen, Sujian Guo, Ming Lu, Yew-Kwang Ng and Teague Savitch, and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments.     

农村公共卫生的经济学分析

农村作为我国8亿农民生产和生活的场所,其公共卫生状况的优劣事关整个社会公共卫生整体状况的优劣。公共卫生作为一种公共产品,有着自己的特性,由于我国特殊的国情所致,农村公共卫生相比城市公共卫生来说,有着更加特殊的意义。文章从公共产品的供给特性出发,分析公共卫生供给短缺的经济学原因,指出增加农村公共卫生供给是政府责无旁贷的责任,并特别指出公共产品供给过量的可能性。     

论农村公共产品供给制度的改革与创新

建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务。改革农村公共产品供给制度,是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容和有力保障。社会主义新农村建设时期,要从供给主体制度、决策机制、筹资机制以及监督管理机制等方面改革和完善农村公共产品制度,以保证公平地有效地为农村供给足量的农村公共产品。     

对目的理性支配下的承运人责任基础立法的批判

国际海上货物运输承运人责任基础规则并非完全来自于实然,来自于基于效益的目的理性,若根本不以正义为目的,未经法律价值评价,纯粹基于效用与发展国际航运经济的目的理性,不可能得到一个国际航运秩序的"应然"法律规范,亦即表达一项"应然"的航运法律概念。而纯粹脱离国际航运实践效用目的,仅依凭法律价值的"应然"本身,亦不可能创造出能够有效调整国际航运实践的法律秩序。只有在价值与航运事实目的,应然与实然,彼此相互对应,且把基于效用的目的理性的构成同确保基于正义的价值理性的实现两方面协调起来,才能产生真正实际有效的和相对符合正义的国际海上货物承运人责任基础法律。     

Selling stolen goods on the online markets: an explorative study

Historically, criminologists studied theft from different perspectives, but only a few focused their attention on the reselling of stolen items. The advent of the Internet has boosted stolen good markets by facilitating interactions between vendors (thieves and receivers) and buyers. This study, based on 227 cases reported by news sites in 2015 and 2016, focuses on the markets and methods used to sell stolen goods online. The results suggest that the online selling methods are quite independent from existing offline methods. The findings innovate with respect to the typology provided by Sutton. The online markets for stolen goods are rather a new environment where perpetrators may choose among several methods of disposal. The results reflect a preference for resale through classified ads sites (44.24%), auction sale sites (28.11%) and social media (19.35%). In the light of this study, more research is needed to understand online stolen goods markets and their mechanisms.     

Buy Today,Pay Tomorrow: Formal Credit Supply and Domestic Electrical and Electronic Goods Consumption in São Paulo's Urban Periphery

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, expansion of the formal credit supply in Brazil has promoted the ‘financial inclusion’ of the low-income population, especially through instalment plans offered by large retail chains. This article aims to analyse the impacts of formal credit availability on the consumption of electrical and electronic goods by residents of Jardim Helena, a neighbourhood in São Paulo's periphery. Through the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, this study reveals how the instalment plan can stimulate consumption among the low-income population, with a significant impact on household budgets, raising the risk of indebtedness.