关于确定量刑基准方法的新思考

作者借助刑罚轻缓化这一司法理念在审判实践中的量化,在量刑基准理论中引入了“刑罚轻缓平均浮动系数”这一概念,从而对量刑基准点进行了大致、直观、科学的判断,提出了确定量刑基准的方法,即以“谦抑中间格”方法确定犯罪的量刑基准。     

多波段光源显现DFO指纹的探讨

针对常见纸张上DFO处理后的指印,利用多波段光源各种波段光配合不同滤色镜进行显现效果观察实验,进而得出最佳显现方法.     

Forensic Analysis of Stains on Fabric Using Direct Analysis in Real‐time Ionization with High‐Resolution Accurate Mass‐Mass Spectrometry

A rapid technique using direct analysis in real ‐ time (DART) ambient ionization coupled to a high ‐ resolution accurate mass‐mass spectrometer (HRAM‐MS) was employed to analyze stains on an individual's pants suspected to have been involved in a violent crime. The victim was consuming chocolate ice cream at the time of the attack, and investigators recovered the suspect's pants exhibiting splatter stains. Liquid chromatography with mass spectral detection (LC‐MS) and stereoscopic light microscopy (SLM) were also utilized in this analysis. It was determined that the stains on the pants contained theobromine and caffeine, known components of chocolate. A shard from the ceramic bowl that contained the victim's ice cream and a control chocolate ice cream sample were also found to contain caffeine and theobromine. The use of DART‐HRAM‐MS was useful in this case due to its rapid analysis capability and because of the limited amount of sample present as a stain.     

A Novel Approach to the Examination of Soil Evidence: Mineral Identification Using Infrared Microprobe Analysis*

Abstract: Identification of minerals using the infrared microprobe with a diamond internal reflection objective is a rapid and reliable method for forensic soil examinations. Ninety‐six mineral varieties were analyzed, and 77 were differentiated by their attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra. Mineral grains may be mounted in oil for conventional polarized light microscope characterization and their ATR spectrum obtained with little or no interference by the liquid. This infrared microprobe method can be used to identify silicates, phosphates, nitrates, carbonates, and other covalent minerals; however, ionic minerals, metal oxide and sulfide minerals, and minerals with refractive indexes greater than diamond do not produce identifiable spectra, but the lack of a spectrum or one with high absorbance values does provide useful information. This research demonstrates the overall utility that infrared microprobe analysis brings mineral identification in soil evidence.     

Ultraviolet illumination as an adjunctive aid in dental inspection

Tooth-colored resin fillings have become increasingly popular as restorative materials. Their presence in the dentition presents a challenge to the clinician and the forensic odontologist, as detection of the fillings can be difficult both visually and radiographically. As they necessarily form part of the unique dentition of an individual, recognition of the resins is important for forensic identification. Alternative light sources have been used with success in various fields of forensic science. In recent years small LED flashlights emitting at specific wavelengths in the ultraviolet light (UV) range have been developed. Their low cost, small size, and ready availability makes their use practical in both forensic dental inspection and clinical settings. UV inspection is of interest because enamel, dentin and dental materials all have differing fluorescent properties when illuminated by UV light. It was one goal of this research to quantitatively assess the fluorescence properties of modern restorative resins in order to predict their behavior during inspection using UV illumination. The second goal was to demonstrate practical use of UV in dental inspection with examples of how different materials fluoresce. Quantitative measurements were obtained for optical emission wavelength and intensity for 15 modern resins using a spectrophotometer. Results indicated that resin brands fluoresce at different wavelengths and with varying intensities. Practical use and comparison of the flashlights revealed that the most useful excitation wavelengths for resin detection were in the UVA range (365 and 380 nm). Porcelain restorations and composite resin fillings exhibited different responses to these two wavelengths and thus use of both is recommended for forensic dental inspection.     

外来务工人员处刑轻缓化考察

2005年、2006年度某市检察院受理审查起诉的刑事案件的实证统计数据表明,外来务工人员被告人的非监禁率水平偏低,非监禁化没有得到应有体现,主要存在文化理念、客观现实、司法成本障碍。建议严格执行高检院慎重适用逮捕措施的精神,加强司法机关的科技办案能力,增加财政投入,制定外来务工人员轻刑案件轻缓化实施意见。     

刑法溯及力探析

保护公民自由、保障人权一直是刑法溯及力发展的指导思想,对我国的刑事立法也有重要的意义。因此,从旧兼从轻原则中从轻的法律比较范围除了应当包括行为时法、裁判时法之外,还应包括"中间时法;"刑法溯及既往的效力范围除了应当包括发生在新法生效前的未经审判或判决尚未生效的行为之外,还应包括判决已经生效但新法作了非罪化处理的行为。     

论战国时期的狱政思想

战国时期各国的政治家、思想家辈出,其中影响最大的是法家。战国时期的狱政思想主要是法家的法治思想。代表人物有商鞅、韩非等人,主要狱政思想为"事断于法","刑无等级","重刑轻罪"等等。战国时期的监狱制定和实施了残酷无比的赤裸裸的酷法严刑,使法家的刑法思想在监狱管理上得到充分体现。     

掠入射偏振光照相方法显现电脑电源接线头上灰尘指纹

电脑盗窃案中,电脑电源接线头常常留有案犯的灰尘指纹,电源接线头表面粗糙不平,凹凸深度较大,灰尘指纹纹线较细,若用胶带粘取,指纹纹线会弥合,这就破坏了指纹。采用掠入射照相的原理加偏振光照相的方法可以将电源接线头上的灰尘指纹显现出来。     

利用多波段光源显现提取麻点状表面客体上的手印

在犯罪现场上,案犯在麻点状表面客体上留下手印经常可见。完整有效地提取这类客体上的手印,成为勘验人员急需掌握的技术。笔者经反复利用多波段光源试验提取该类客体上的手印,收到良好的效果。