刑事错案预防与纠错机制研究——基于浙江张氏“叔侄强奸案”的启示

法治是文明发展到一定历史阶段的标志,也是衡量一个国家发展水平的重要标尺。而余祥林案、“叔侄强奸案”等错案频频发生,引起人们对公平与正义的深深思考,而错案侵蚀着法治的精神,扭曲了法治的灵魂。在目前的刑事司法体制下,必须通过严格的刑事诉讼程序来保障刑事司法公正。基于人类认识的非至上性,司法实践中错案又不可避免地发生,因此及时纠正刑事错案是刑事司法公正的重要体现。目前我国刑事司法中存在错案发现不自觉、错案纠错不及时、申诉渠道不畅通等问题,严重影响了刑事司法公平和正义。坚持检察机关的法律监督职能,积极推动刑事错案纠错机制建设,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

循证矫正的价值与推进方案研究

循证矫正是一种矫正罪犯的新理念、新方法,当下中国引入这一理念和方法,必须充分理解“循”与“证”的内涵,正确认识循证矫正在我国罪犯矫正领域应用的实践价值,科学设计我国循证矫正实践推进的可行性方案.     

Estimating drop-out probabilities of STR alleles accounting for stutters,detection threshold truncation and degradation

Allelic drop-out continues to be a challenge to forensic geneticists when interpreting crime scene evidence and calculating the evidential weight. Methods exist for estimating the probability of allelic drop-out, where the most promising methods use the signal intensities as input for quantifying the drop-out probability. Using data from real crime cases, we demonstrate that taking degradation of the biological material and truncation of the data due to a detection threshold into account is superior to previous approaches. An additional correction for stuttering effects showed limited improvement.     

A comparison of wrongful convictions in death penalty cases between China and the United States

In recent years, both China and the United States (US) have discovered numerous wrongful convictions, including several cases in which innocent people have been sentenced to death. These discoveries have led both countries to reform the death penalty but the extent and nature of the reforms in each country have been greatly different. This article explores the similarities and differences between the nature of wrongful convictions in death penalty cases in China and the US. It will also compare the reforms undertaken in each country. On the whole, the US has made greater progress in the prevention and correction of wrongful convictions involving the death penalty, especially in the areas of evidentiary rules and post-conviction review. In order for China to match America's success, it is necessary that China adopt more substantive reforms. China should learn from America's experience and should continue to adopt international standards of criminal justice, such as due process rights, the presumption of innocence and the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence. In the interim, China should immediately suspend all executions until adequate reforms can be carried out. Ultimately, China should surpass the US in criminal-justice reform and in the field of human rights protection by completely abolishing the death penalty and creating a more effective mechanism for criminal punishment.     

“90后”大学生恋爱心理及矫正研究——以西安2000例“90后”大学生恋爱心理调查为例

恋爱是大学校园中持续被关注的热点话题,与前几代大学生相比,“90后”大学生表现出具有鲜明时代烙印的特点。通过对2000例‘90后”大学生的恋爱心理进行问卷调查,从恋爱现状、恋爱观、恋爱对象选择、恋爱行为、性心理及其行为等方面总结了其行为和心理表现,并在此结果上分析这一群体的心理特征,找出影响其特征的因素,旨在总结“90后”大学生的恋爱心理,对存在的问题提出矫正方法,寻求自我改变提升的方式。     

中国循证矫正的对象、问题与解决方案

中国监狱开展循证矫正,应当依据高危险性、高价值性、高匹配性三原则和多种方法确定对象,运用测试、观察、访谈等多种方法评估矫正对象犯因性缺陷等问题,善于寻找、鉴定和精选最佳证据,在此基础上,结合矫正对象的特点和意愿制定矫正方案,才能确保循证矫正取得良好效果。     

我国社区矫正立法述评

当前,我国社区矫正立法已取得一定进展,主要表现在正式确立了社区矫正制度,细化了社区矫正的适用条件,加强了对社区矫正人员的监督管理,强化了检察机关对于社区矫正过程的监督。但是,仍然存在明显不足,如社区矫正的主要法律渊源地位尴尬,社区矫正执行机关尚未明确,社区矫正对象存在争议,相关称谓混乱,再社会化内容缺失与不足,社区矫正奖惩种类缺乏统一的规范等等,需要进一步通过立法予以完善。     

我国刑事错案防控与纠错机制之思考——张高平叔侄案引发的思考

刑事案件的错案防控与纠错机制,体现国家的人权保护状态、刑事司法水平,国家的法治文明状态以及司法权与其他国家权力的宪法关系.本文以张高平叔侄案为契机,分析我国刑事错案产生的原因,在阐明转变执法理念的前提下,重点就法官独立司法、行为监督和责任追究的平衡和机制的构建上进行了论述.     

民事法律监督视野中的“先法后检”模式

"先法后检"模式及相关立法造成两次再审,在国家利益和社会公共利益的保护、对恶意诉讼的打击等方面未予以例外规定,拉远了检察院与当事人间的"距离"。为此,检察院应树立科学的执法理念,严格执法,积极与法院合作,确保该模式得以贯彻落实,并取得良好的成效。     

Singing in “another” language: how pronunciation matters in the organisation of choral rehearsals

In this paper, I analyse the rehearsals of a choir and focus on sequences during which participants correct and practise the pronunciation of an item. In order to sing in a choir, singers orient both to musical relevancies (such as melody, pitch and rhythm) and to the linguistic features of the words they sing (such as articulation of consonants or vowels, cutting of the syllables, accent): these features are fundamental to singing and can be the object of correction. I hereby take into consideration “second language” singing and show that, during this activity, the correction of a word pronunciation can be initiated and realised either by the director or by the singers themselves. I analyse the structure of these sequences and show their implication for the organisation of the activity and for the participatory dynamics of the rehearsals. Based on the video-recordings of the rehearsals of the choir of a music school, my analyses take into account both the audible and visible resources participants orient to; they thus contribute to a conversation analytical and multimodal perspective on the interactional and institutional activity of music rehearsals.