日本对能源危机的应急管理——以第一次石油危机为例

日本面对战后第一次国家危机,先是组建应急管理机构,以此为基础,从行政号召、政府指导和法律管制等层面制定了诸多措施,并很快形成了具有"防火墙"作用的应急管理体系。该体系为调整危机状态下的国家权力、公民权利以及国家权力与公民权利之间的各种能源经济关系,充分发挥行政、法律对社会无序状态、紧急状态的防范和矫正功能起到了关键性的作用。在应急危机管理中,日本政府所发挥的6大能效,也为日本从无预防性的应急管理向未雨绸缪的预防管理转型提供了极为宝贵的心理储备、经验借鉴和制度遗产。     

The 'Nature' of Contiguous Borders: Ease of Interaction,Salience, and the Analysis of Crisis

This paper presents the dataset developed from an NSF-supported project on reconceptualizing borders through the use of geographical information systems (GIS). After presenting an overview of the 301 contiguous land borders which were remeasured in terms of ease of interaction (opportunity), and salience/importance (willingness), the dataset is used to revisit hypotheses dealing with territory and borders, specifically four hypotheses developed by Brecher and Wilkenfeld (1997) from their International Crisis Behavior (ICB) project. The results support the design and purpose of the GIS project of reconceptualizing borders, which breaks away from the dichotomous characterization of states as contiguous or non-contiguous in order to examine the "nature" of borders. Our results do not fit the expectations of the "standard" adversarial proximity conflict model, and demonstrate that the border reconceptualization presented here can be used to investigate a number of related questions in the study of international politics involving both cooperative processes as well as conflictual ones.     

乡土社会变迁中法律信仰危机的思考

法律信仰是支持法律和法治事业的精神动力,没有法律信仰,法律是苍白的,法治是无望的。在我国农村的法治化过程中,主体法律信仰危机严重阻碍了中国法治建设的进度。法律信仰危机,是由于匮乏的物质基础、落后的文化传统、政策与法律的错位、非法行政的惯性、司法救济的短缺等多种因素导致的。     

危机决策，对我国政府决策系统的挑战及对策

新形势下,危机决策是衡量政府快速反应能力的核心指标,具有紧迫性、集中性、非常规性和高风险性,它对我国政府决策系统提出了严峻的挑战。提高危机决策水平,改进政府决策系统就必须:⑴树立科学的决策观;⑵优化决策支持系统;⑶改进决策系统的运行机制;⑷丰富决策方法论体系。     

朝鲜核问题的三种解决前景与中国的政策选择

朝鲜核问题有三种发展变化前景:第一种前景,美国对朝发动军事打击,引发东北亚局部战争;第二种前景,通过谈判和平解决,朝放弃核武计划,美等有关国家向朝提供经济与安全补偿;第三种前景,朝在时机有利时突破核门槛,成为事实上的核国家。第一种前景和第三种前景都不符合中国的利益,中国应努力争取朝核问题循第二途解决。     

'Not Proficient in Table-Thumping': Sir Ernest Satow at Peking, 1900-1906

Satow's diplomatic career was more multifaceted than the older, often Japan-centred, assessments of his work suggest. His period as minister to China especially has not been given the attention it deserves. His appointment to the Peking legation coincided with one of the most momentous periods in Sino-Western relations in the aftermath of the Boxer crisis of 1900. Satow exercised significant influence on the negotiations which led to the Boxer settlement of September 1901; and he proved to be a shrewd and skilful player in the Great Power competition for influence in China. The last two years of his term at the head of the Peking legation were taken up with steering British diplomacy through the turbulences caused by the Russo-Japanese War.     

全面与永远的危机管理

第二次世界大战后 ,危机管理应运而生 ,成为一门新兴学科。危机的来源多种多样。危机、时机、契机、转机四者的关系 ,构成了现代危机管理的全套程序。世界各主要国家的危机管理机制都具有小核心、大范围的特征。中国自古以来就重视对危机的预防和管理 ,但与西方现代危机管理理论相比 ,尚未形成较完整的理论体系。总结中外危机管理的经验教训 ,对建立适合我国国情的危机应对机制是大有稗益的     

美国金融模式的不稳定性:基于次贷危机的反思

直接融资和间接融资的高度融合以及复杂化的金融创新,是当前美国金融模式的核心特征。对次贷危机的分析表明:美国金融模式在风险转移和克服信息不对称方面具有优势,因此高风险且信息严重不对称的金融交易容易在此达成;美国金融模式将风险以高度流动和复杂化的方式分布于关键金融市场——货币市场,这使得金融危机具有腐蚀性,并难以根治;美国金融模式对风险管理提出了巨大挑战,风险控制的改进效力不容高估。     

应对突发事件，建设责任政府——海城豆奶中毒事件的启示

绝大多数政府在任期内都可能遭遇突发事件,从而形成对政府管理理念、应变能力、权力立场、公信程度、甚至是管理制度的挑战。以此案为例,揭示了一个地方政府在突发事件中暴露的行政职能失当、行政伦理失范、行政理念模糊、行政责任缺失和应急管理机制欠缺等问题。吸取教训的出路在于一改衙门政府为责任政府。具体的改革着力点,在制度层面,当务之急是建立获得公民认可、具有公共财政、管理公共事务、实施依法行政、奉行公共参与、满足公共利益、承担公共责任、接受公共监督的真正的公共行政;在技术层面则需要建立应对突发事件和危机的制度与机制。     

Crisis intervention team training: when police encounter persons with mental illness

Abstract

The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model is an established training program used to improve police response to encounters involving persons with mental illness (PwMI). Diversion of PwMI from the criminal justice system to appropriate treatment providers in the community is one of the primary goals of CIT. The present study examines characteristics and outcomes of encounters between citizens experiencing mental health-related crises and CIT-trained patrol officers. Findings of this study indicate encounters involving PwMI and CIT-trained officers often result in diversion to mental health services. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.