1960-1962年老挝危机与美泰关系

老挝政局在1954年日内瓦会议后深受东亚冷战形势的影响.1960-1962年危机使老挝成为国际社会关注的焦点,东南亚条约组织的作用受到严峻考验.美国和泰国对东南亚战略及老挝局势的判断和考虑不同.为解决由此引起的矛盾,两国通过<腊斯克一他纳声明>结为双边安全同盟.美泰关系的加强对东南亚冷战具有重要影响.     

重大突发公共卫生危机下的药品专利强制许可——现实需要、伦理因应与法律安排

新型冠状病毒肺炎于2019年底在我国爆发并迅速扩散,引发了全国性的重大突发公共卫生危机。为实现特效专利药品的充分供给,实施药品专利强制许可是最为高效的选择,不仅可以消解药品专利市场运营中所固有的“反公有地”悲剧,同时也可以有效规避药品专利国际合作中技术劫持与贸易倾轧。对于以人为本的主体性原则和与人为善的有益性原则两项伦理准则的遵循,保证了药品专利强制许可实施的伦理正义;而对于药品专利强制许可申请主体扩展和药品专利强制许可补偿标准细化两项法律完善举措的采取,则使我国药品专利强制许可机制克服了自身缺陷,能够在实践中有序运行,为重大突发公共卫生危机的化解提供制度支撑。     

Signaling Resolve: Leaders,Reputations, and the Importance of Early Interactions

How do leaders develop reputations for resolve across repeated interactions? While scholars find that leaders can acquire individual reputations for resolve, we know relatively little about how these leader-specific reputations form to begin with. This article examines how leaders develop reputations for resolve from the very beginning of their tenures and present three key hypotheses regarding these leader-specific reputations. First, statements are more influential to reputational assessments during initial interactions. Second, statements create expectations of future behavior, which interact with a leader’s subsequent actions to influence reputation development. Third, initial perceptions of resolve significantly condition later assessments. Through a process tracing survey experiment, I find evidence that resolute statements are more substantively influential during early interactions. I also find early perceptions of resolve do significantly influence later perceptions. Furthermore, statements create expectations of future behavior, and it is by meeting or defying these expectations that a leader’s reputation for resolve is improved or injured within the experiment. These results remain robust even when controlling for contextual factors, including state characteristics. The implications of these findings for both scholars and policy makers are discussed, and this study illustrates how individual leaders develop these reputations for resolve across interactions.     

Redefining the Crisis/Redefining Democracy: Mobilising for the Right to Housing in Spain's PAH Movement

European anti-austerity movements are challenging fundamental assumptions about the role of the market and the state. In Spain, the twin claims of the movements are a demand for ‘real democracy’ and an end to austerity measures resulting from the global financial crisis. I argue that these demands are intertwined. Using critical discourse analysis, I explore the Platform of Those Affected by Mortgages' controversial escrache campaign to show how social movements actively resisting austerity measures transcend the specific issues around which they mobilise to contest hegemonic definitions of crisis and of democracy, laying the groundwork for the reconfiguration of Spain's political landscape.     

The development of a new labour framework during the Second Republic in Spain: the Central Service for job placement and defence against unemployment

The Great Depression affected the Spanish economy, sharply increasing the number of unemployed workers, known as the ‘sin trabajo’. In an effort to address problems with the labour market, the Central Office for Job Placement and Defence against Unemployment was established in 1931 for the purpose, in Niceto Alcalá-Zamora’s words, of heading off ‘regrettable passions and misadventures of a social or political nature’. The ‘reformist challenge’ to the traditional social order would commence that same year, when the PSOE’s Largo Caballero became head of the Ministry of Labour. The staff of the Central Office for Job Placement were aware of proposals by Keynes and other economists regarding this issue, so it can be said that in addition to responding to the urgent social pressure of the moment, the employment policies implemented also sought added legitimacy in the context of theoretical trends that enjoyed consensus at that time.     

转型期我国政治安全面临的威胁与挑战——“颜色革命”的启示

“颜色革命”是指近几年来在中亚诸国发生的、具有鲜明颜色标志的一系列“革命”。从实质上讲,“颜色革命”是一种非暴力的“革命”或“夺权”方式。我国与发生“颜色革命”的国家虽然在政治体制、经济状况、文化背景等方面有所不同,但同样面临着“西化”、“分化”的外部威胁,内部又处于社会矛盾凸显的社会转型期,因此存在着引发“颜色革命”的潜在威胁和可能性,对此必须给予高度重视。     

上海市政府应急机制和管理结构研究

随着经济一体化和信息全球化的步伐加快,上海将逐步建成国际经济、金融、贸易和航运中心之一。在这样大的背景下,上海的政治稳定和社会安定显得尤为重要。因此、上海市政府将政府应急管理机制的建设摆到应有位置,在坚持以人为本、以防为主、分级管理、平战结合、按照长期准备、重点建设等原则的基础上,建立统一指挥、规范有序、科学高效的灾害事故紧急处置体系,对有效提高政府的反应能力、处置效率,最大限度减少各类灾害事故带来的危害和损失具有重大意义。     

Perceptions of Teachers and Staff Regarding the Impact of the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Model for School-Based Crisis Intervention

Abstract

The Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Model for crisis intervention was devloped for use with emergency service personnel. Research regarding the use of the CISM Model has been conducted among civilians and high-risk occupation groups with mixed results. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the CISM Model for school-based crisis intervention as perceived by teachers and staff. This study compares baseline and CISM Model data over a five-year period. The results suggest that the CISM Model had a positive effect on teacher and staff perceptions of service delivery components (i.e., informing students, meeting with staff members), but no effect on perceptions of the impact of CISM on student outcomes.     

国际金融危机下西方社会震荡解析

归根到底由资本主义社会的基本矛盾运动所酿成的这次国际金融危机,又对当代资本主义造成了巨大的冲击,这种冲击遍及于其经济、政治、文化、社会和生态等各个方面。它引发的一波又一波社会震荡大体上分为五种类型：一是由危机造成的高失业率、经济衰退、政府紧缩财政措施所引发的罢工、抗议和骚乱;二是危机造成的经济低迷、失业率攀升,使西方极右势力得以把其反多元文化、反外来移民的情绪推向极端;三是危机造成的这种经济低迷、失业率攀升,又在西方国家的外来移民聚居区中埋下了街头骚乱的根子;四是危机激起了标志平民主义抗议的＂占领华尔街＂运动;五是美国等西方资本主义国家在国际金融危机期间的所作所为激起的独狼式恐怖袭击事件。这些震荡是资本主义的固有缺陷弊端在国际金融危机冲击下集中暴露的必然结果,因而即使在危机后幸存下来时它还将在一波又一波社会震荡中运行。