The ‘Perils’ of an Identity Politics Approach to the Legal Recognition of Harm

In the past, and it still remains the case, people with learning difficulties who are victims of violence have been cast as being in need of protection rather than rights and justice. Such an approach belies an institutionalised perspective of harm that does not readily engage with criminal justice structures or solutions. At the same time, Sect. 146 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 gives the court the power to pass enhanced sentences where it can be proven that a crime was motivated by hostility towards someone because s/he is disabled. However, this provision may simply remain a symbolic pledge to equality that fails to tackle the complex and deep rooted causes of violence and oppression in modern society. The consequences of automatically turning to hate crime ‘solutions’ have yet to be explored. This article will draw from the ideas of a number of thinkers in the context of diverse activism to construct a bridge between current debates about how to theorise and tackle violence and oppression in the modern world and the campaigns fought by people with learning difficulties and their supporters. The hope is that this exercise will not only help people with learning difficulties to access the current debate but will further develop current thinking about how to understand and tackle violence in the modern world.

领土条约的界定标准、解释方法及其运行结构

领土主权属于一国的核心利益问题。国际法院基于《维也纳条约法公约》第31-32条之规定,在解决领土条约争端时采取了"实质优于形式"和"同意"等界定标准。同时,在适用该《公约》解释相关条款时采取了不同的解释方法,体现了一定的灵活性,但也出现过矛盾与反复。对此,应根据该《公约》第31-32条规定的内部要素及外部变量,优化领土条约的解释方法和运行结构。这种路径的设计不再拘泥于《条约法公约》本身,适当拓展、引入当事方提供的证明事实真相的关键证据,对领土条约的解释进行补充说明,并非游离于《条约法公约》之外,转而寻求保持占有法律、有效控制等法理基础及相应的事实主张和证据,而是将两者合而为一,以《条约法公约》解释规则为主,其他关键证据为辅的层级解释路径。另外,国际法院在解释相关领土条约时,除了适用"《条约法公约》+其他层级关键证据"模式外,还应借鉴学界的解释方法论,以使得两者交互影响,进一步完善条约解释方法的路径,实现对领土条约解释规则的再造。     

刑事诉讼中的人权保障研究

刑事诉讼中的人权保障问题,在我国具有越来越重要的意义。应当说,人权保障与我们党的奋斗目标是一致的,但几十年来中国的人权保障事业存在着许多缺陷和问题。要加强这项复杂的社会工程建设,核心的问题是确立现代的刑事诉讼理念,使程序公正的诉讼价值和人权保障的诉讼目的真正地得到实现。     

The European Court of Justice and the Annulment of the Tobacco Advertisement Directive: Friend of National Sovereignty or Foe of Public Health?

In Case C-376/98 Germany v Council the European Court of Justice annulled a Directive which banned the advertisement and sponsorship of tobacco. The judgment sanctions regulatory policy-making at the national rather than the Community level. The paper examines the legal basis of the annulment, its effect on economic efficiency and the implied role of the Court in the formulation of public policy in Europe. Within the institutional limits of the judicial power to determine policy, the Court focused on whether or not disparate national laws restrict free movement and distort competition and affirmed the primacy of the nation state to regulate economic activity.     

律师刑事豁免权研究

律师在刑事诉讼中担任辩护人、诉讼代理人 ,为实现司法公正 ,保障人权作出重要贡献 ,同时也承担了巨大的风险。律师刑事豁免权是律师在刑事诉讼过程中维护委托人合法权益和降低律师执业风险的有力保障     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Foster, The Ethics of Medical Research on Humans
Vidmar, World Jury Systems
Simpson, Human Rights and the End of Empire. Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention
Carty, An Analysis of the Economic Torts
Wright, Tort Law & Human Rights     

试论执法公正

“执法公正”是指行政执法行为的过程和结果遵循和体现了公平与正义的原则,包括实体公正和程序公正。现阶段,我国更应强调程序公正。实现“执法公正”需要从完善立法、提高执法人员“法治”观念与执法水平入手。     

试论我国刑事侦查阶段犯罪嫌疑人的人权保障

刑事司法保障是人权保障的重要机制,在刑事司法领域,从国家追究犯罪的效果这个角度来看,侦查程序可以看作是整个刑事诉讼的基础。从人权保障的角度来看,刑事被追诉者的各种权利保障在侦查阶段是最薄弱的,所以侦查程序也可以看作是刑事司法人权保障关键。而我国的侦查程序尚未完善,还存在许多不利于人权保障的问题,因此,加强司法监控,完善侦查监督机制,扩大律师在侦查阶段的参与范围和参与权,强化刑事被追诉人的权利保障,明确其真正法律意义上的诉讼地位,切实深入贯彻无罪推定原则,将侦查法制化,从而实现刑事司法领域人权的有效保障。     

Doing Justice to Anti-Trust Actions

正Since July,Chinese regulators have launched anti-trust investigations into several well-known foreign companies operating in China,including telecommunications company Qualcomm,computing giant Microsoft Corp.and Audi dealers under the auspices of FAWvolkswagen Automobile Co.Ltd.     

“多数人暴政”的伦理悖论与现实解决途径研究

伦理悖论是日常生活中时有发生的公共问题,上升到政策层面上,众多政策制定者都希望通过合理的政策设计来弥补、甚至避免伦理两难和漏洞。以一个经典的伦理学悖论案例为切入点,分析了"多数人暴政"这个高频发生的命题产生的逻辑起点和原因,通过现实事件探讨了现实生活中"多数人暴政"对国家政治、经济、文化的实际影响,提出了在公共政策中可以通过法律约束、社会监督和文化感化政策来对多数人的暴政进行一定的预防和控制,以期对现实的政策制定有所借鉴帮助。