Myxoid heart disease: A review with special emphasis on sudden cardiac death

Myxoid heart disease (MHD), more commonly known as mitral valve prolapse, is a very common caridac abnormality affecting 5–10% of the general population. This article reviews the history, symptoms, physical findings, pathology, associated conditions and complications of this entity. Special emphasis is given to sudden cardiac death, which occurs as a result of acute heart failure or due to a fatal arrhythmia. Theories regarding the origin of the arrhythmias are discussed. Once the origin is known, those at risk for this devastating complication can be identified and perhaps a preventative therapeutic regimen developed.     

也论死者名誉的民法保护

在死者名誉的民法保护问题上,司法实践和传统理论之间出现了矛盾,如何解决这一矛盾成为一个非常现实的问题。理论界从各种角度为实践中的做法寻找理论依据,现有的一些观点各有利弊,但都未能合理解释实践与理论之间的这个矛盾。改变对权利能力的界定,是解决这一问题的关键之所在。     

病毒性心肌炎猝死的法医病理学诊断及猝死机理

通过对典型病毒性心肌炎猝死案例的分析，提出了心肌炎猝死的法医病理学诊断的要点，并对心肌炎猝死的机理进行了讨论。     

Are self-identified Christian fundamentalists really more supportive of capital punishment? Exploring the relationship between fundamentalism and death penalty attitudes

Christian fundamentalism has often been linked to death penalty support, despite mixed results across more than a decade of empirical studies. More recently, a line of research has emerged that has called for a reconceptualization of fundamentalism as harsh and rigid, instead of being more a multifaceted concept. In the spirit of this call, we investigated the relative importance of Christian fundamentalism on death penalty attitudes when compared with non-religious social attitudes. Using 1,560 respondents from the 2008 General Social Survey data, we found self-identified Christian fundamentalism, though not biblical literalism or religious denomination, remained a significant predictor of death penalty attitudes when attitudes toward LGBT marriage equality were included in the model. Unexpectedly, white women who endorsed LGBT marriage equality were also more likely to support the death penalty. Based on our findings, we discuss implications and areas for future research.     

浅谈死刑核准权收归最高人民法院后的程序完善问题

死刑核准权已经收归了最高人民法院,这种经历了辩证否定的权力回归是法治的胜利。但是随着相关司法解释的出台与施行,最高人民法院复核死刑的程序还存在一些纰漏和不足,如审理方式问题、对被告人进行讯问的问题、人民检察院及被害人是否应当参与的问题、辩护权问题、证明标准问题等仍然需要进一步地探讨和完善。     

The Phenomenon of Death

Daniel Callahan’s essay raises big and important questions about how the biotechnological project to extend life and defeat aging may bring many undesirable consequences. At worst, it will usher in a new age of extended debility, with able minds trapped for decades in enfeebled bodies or able bodies lingering for decades with enfeebled minds. At best, our future success at extending vigorous life will create serious disruptions of the social order. But the essay fails to illuminate, more fully, the nature of death as a human problem, or to establish the basis for setting limits on the worst excesses of the bio-immortality project.

Medical negligence in drug associated deaths

According to epidemiological studies adverse drug events are one of the most frequently encountered complications during medical treatment, a leading cause of hospitalisation and frequent cause of death. However, medical malpractice claims due to medication errors seem to be relatively rare. Based on a retrospective multicentre study on medical malpractice cases with lethal outcome (n = 4450), drug related cases (n = 575) were further evaluated. In 50% of cases a causal connection between drug therapy and death could be ruled out already after autopsy. In 232 cases a causal connection between drug therapy and death could be approved (drug allergies, relative overdose, wrong application, mix-up of drugs and sepsis after injection abscess). However, within the legal context only in 70 cases a medication error was approved which was in 42 cases causal for death, in 28 not. Administration of contraindicated drugs, incorrect application and relative overdose in renal insufficiency are the prevalent mistakes. Concerning the frequency of ADE in epidemiological studies medication errors are underreported in all data sources on medical malpractice; this seems to be due to the fact that even doctors and attending physicians rarely recognize an ADE; furthermore approving the connection between drug effect and death is extremely difficult for the expert witness.     

74例妇产科医疗纠纷尸检分析

目的　探讨妇产科医疗纠纷的特点和原因 ,为有关部门调处妇产科医疗纠纷和制订有关法规条文提供科学依据。方法　从本教研室 1 95 5～ 1 996年 4 2年间受理的法医病理学尸检资料中挑选在妇产科发生的与死亡有关的医疗纠纷案例 ,进行回顾性研究。结果　 74例妇产科的医疗纠纷占同期全部医疗纠纷检案的首位 (2 3 4 %) ,其中男 31例、女 4 3例 ;年龄自新生儿到 4 8岁 ,多见于出生后 1 1天以内的新生儿(5 9 5 %)和 2 2～ 4 2岁的中青年育龄妇女 (39 2 %) ;医疗事故 1 4例 (1 8 9%) ,非医疗事故 6 0例(81 1 %) ;非医疗事故中猝死有 5 0例。结论　妇产科的医疗纠纷很常见 ,多与妊娠和分娩有关 ;非医疗事故显著多于医疗事故 (4 3∶1 ) ;不同类型的新生儿肺炎和羊水栓塞症所致的猝死是妇产科非医疗事故的主要原因 ,而医疗事故则主要与妇产科手术操作不当有关。     

从《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》评我国死刑立法

《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》确立了严格限制死刑并最终废除死刑的国际标准。以此观之,我国死刑立法虽然在明确死刑的适用条件、缩小适用对象、降低死刑适用率等方面取得了一定的进步,做出了限制死刑的谨慎努力,但在大幅度削减死刑罪名、适用死刑核准程序等方面还存在诸多不足,需进一步改进。     

我国死刑复核制度的缺陷与完善--两起典型冤案引发的思考

现行的死刑复核制度存在复核范围不明、复核程序不透明、复核方式不规范、复核内容简单片面等诸多缺陷.两起典型冤案暴露出死刑复核制度形同虚设的弊病,应当从立法与程序设计上对其加以改进与完善.