我国死刑复核制度的缺陷与完善--两起典型冤案引发的思考

现行的死刑复核制度存在复核范围不明、复核程序不透明、复核方式不规范、复核内容简单片面等诸多缺陷.两起典型冤案暴露出死刑复核制度形同虚设的弊病,应当从立法与程序设计上对其加以改进与完善.     

74例妇产科医疗纠纷尸检分析

目的　探讨妇产科医疗纠纷的特点和原因 ,为有关部门调处妇产科医疗纠纷和制订有关法规条文提供科学依据。方法　从本教研室 1 95 5～ 1 996年 4 2年间受理的法医病理学尸检资料中挑选在妇产科发生的与死亡有关的医疗纠纷案例 ,进行回顾性研究。结果　 74例妇产科的医疗纠纷占同期全部医疗纠纷检案的首位 (2 3 4 %) ,其中男 31例、女 4 3例 ;年龄自新生儿到 4 8岁 ,多见于出生后 1 1天以内的新生儿(5 9 5 %)和 2 2～ 4 2岁的中青年育龄妇女 (39 2 %) ;医疗事故 1 4例 (1 8 9%) ,非医疗事故 6 0例(81 1 %) ;非医疗事故中猝死有 5 0例。结论　妇产科的医疗纠纷很常见 ,多与妊娠和分娩有关 ;非医疗事故显著多于医疗事故 (4 3∶1 ) ;不同类型的新生儿肺炎和羊水栓塞症所致的猝死是妇产科非医疗事故的主要原因 ,而医疗事故则主要与妇产科手术操作不当有关。     

从《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》评我国死刑立法

《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》确立了严格限制死刑并最终废除死刑的国际标准。以此观之,我国死刑立法虽然在明确死刑的适用条件、缩小适用对象、降低死刑适用率等方面取得了一定的进步,做出了限制死刑的谨慎努力,但在大幅度削减死刑罪名、适用死刑核准程序等方面还存在诸多不足,需进一步改进。     

19例原发性心肌病猝死案例的病理学研究

本文对19例原发性心肌病猝死的尸检案例的发病年龄、职业特点及病理学改变进行了分析和讨论，其中扩张性心肌病11例,肥厚性心肌病8例．     

青壮年猝死综合征心肌心钠素免疫组化研究

研究青壮年猝死综合征病理形态学诊断依据。应用免疫组化LSAB,观察10例SMDS及10例非心性死亡对照组死者ANP变化情况。结果发现,SMDS中7例ANP呈阴性,3例呈弱阳性;10例非心性死亡ANP呈强阳性。研究表明,SMDS死者心房内ANP数量减少是导致死亡的重要因素,可通过ANP免疫组化观察找到SMDS死亡的形态学依据。     

猪高脂血症心肌组织内皮素-1的表达

目的 探讨高脂血症对心肌组织内皮素-1(ET-1)表达的影响。方法 12头猪等分为高脂血症组与正常对照组，复制高脂血症动物模型后，用免疫组化3P法观察心肌组织内ET-1的表达情况，并用图像分析系统进行图像分析。结果 高脂血症组ET-1的表达明显高于正常对照组，差异显著(P＜0.001)。结论 高血脂容易诱导心肌组织ET-1的表达。     

Morphometrical investigations into alterations of the wall thickness of small pulmonary arteries after birth and in cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

In 1973 Naeye was the first to demonstrate that, in cases of SIDS, the small pulmonary arteries have more smooth muscle than in controls and suggested that this is a consequence of chronic alveolar hypoxia. Seventy-five cases have been investigated morphometrically in order to obtain quantitative data on the alterations of wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries after birth and in cases of SIDS. The investigations comprise seven cases of stillbirth, 19 cases of newborn, 33 cases of SIDS and 16 controls. In each case the thickness of the media, the external diameter of the artery and the media area have been measured planimetrically for 90 arteries ranging between 50 μm and 500 μm. A media index was calculated as the ratio of the thickness of the media to the diameter of the artery. Using this index a thickening of the media of the small pulmonary arteries, corresponding to the situation in fetal and neonatal life, has been confirmed for cases of SIDS. The normal postnatal changes in the small pulmonary arteries, media thinning and enlargement of the lumen, could not be observed in SIDS cases in the first year of life.     

Postmortem serum selenium concentrations and their possible etiological role in Sudden Infant Death (SID)

The importance of selenium (Se) deficiency in the pathogenesis of human diseases such as Keshan Disease has been extensively studied. It is possible that low Se-levels could cause immunosuppression and be an etiological factor in Sudden Infant Death (SID). We investigated 50 serum samples (40 SID and 10 non-SID victims) by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that there is no evidence of a serum selenium deficiency in SID-victims in the region of Aachen. A relationship between selenium concentration and the infant immune system still remains speculative and 21 samples even showed increased serum levels. It could be necessary to define a ‘local’ normal range by examining a greater number of healthy infants.     

Sudden,unexpected death following typhoid-cholera vaccination

A previously healthy 33-year-old Australian male died suddenly and unexpectedly 8 h after a typhoid-cholera vaccination. Such facalities are extreme rarities and the present case is the first in which postmortem measurement of serum immunoglobulins has been undertaken. The clinical course and necropsy findings suggest that death was the result of a slowly evolving systemic anaphylactic reaction which terminated in hypotension and righs heart failure. The deceased was probably atopic. The current recommendations for the vaccination of international travellers against typhoid and cholera are discussed.     

兰尼碱受体及其法医学意义

兰尼碱受体是心肌细胞内的钙释放通道。在心脏缺血或肥大等病理过程中兰尼碱受体的功能和数量也会发生明显变化,从而导致心肌细胞处理细胞内钙离子的能力下降或细胞内钙超载,触发致死性的室性心律失常,诱发心源性猝死。