京沪青年女性在民国时期的自杀问题

本文将集中讨论两大问题:其一涉及到法国社会学大师埃米尔·迪尔凯姆的自杀学说。笔者认为,迪尔凯姆的自杀学说在论及性别问题时带有浓厚的男权主义偏见,他的分析偏移了他所大力提倡的社会事实研究法;其二民国时期京沪两地的青年女性自杀格局。根据笔者的分析,京沪女性的自杀问题在当时非常严重,两性自杀死亡率相近;两地不同年龄段的女性的自杀已遂和未遂事件中女青年所占的比例最高;诱因多是家庭矛盾或情感纠纷。本文意在厘清古典社会学自杀理论的局限,也在将中国近现代的自杀问题纳入到社会性别分析框架中探讨。     

Mental disorder and probation policy and practice: A view from the UK

This article is concerned with the manner in which offenders with mental illnesses serving community sentences are identified and treated by the probation service in the UK. It presents the results of recent research examining the prevalence levels of current and lifetime mental illness, substance misuse, and dual diagnosis and suicide rates amongst those serving community sentences in the UK. These high levels of mental disorder are not being addressed by probation policy or practice in a manner that is effective or sensitive. The article concludes by considering the relevance of innovative approaches to the treatment of offenders with mental illnesses in the community currently being adopted in the US to the UK.     

浅谈如何防范青少年自杀的发生

青少年自杀已经成为当前引人关注的社会现象.要借鉴国外的成功经验,最广泛地动员家庭、学校、社会等各种力量,帮助青少年正确认识自己,走适合自己的正确的人生道路,把压力转化为前进的动力,是防范青少年自杀的有效途径.     

大学生自杀的社会因素分析——以涂尔干的自杀社会因素理论为视角

大学生自杀目前已经成为一个共同关心的社会问题。基于涂尔干的自杀理论,可以从社会转型期的文化繁杂、外来文化因素的影响、长期的应试教育、共同信仰的缺乏等方面分析当代大学生自杀的社会原因。为减少和预防大学生自杀,需要学校、学生自身和社会分别承担起一定的责任。     

权利二重性:解读农民自杀问题的一个视角

权利二重性是理解30年来农民自杀率变迁逻辑及其区域差异现象的重要理论视角。其中,权利启蒙论认为,分田到户以来,市场改变了资源的代际分配结构,农民的权利意识不断被启蒙,农民的行为逻辑逐渐从义务本位向权利本位转变,从而引发了农民家庭权力结构和家庭伦理秩序的适应性调整,使农民自杀现象在社会转型期得以凸显。权利规约论认为,农民的权利表达一旦失去有效的规约机制,就有可能在农村社会形成不利于老年人的自杀秩序;而如果能够得到村庄内部结构性力量的有效规约,农民代际之间的权利与义务关系就会在新的水平上达成均势状态,农民的自杀率随之就会出现明显的下降现象。     

合并自杀的杀人行为研究(附40例分析)

目的　探索合并自杀的杀人行为的犯罪学特征、发生机理 ,为责任能力的评定提供依据 ,并提出进一步研究方向。　方法　采用回顾性研究方法 ,3名研究人员从 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月的鉴定案例中挑出符合研究条件的案例 ,进行统计学分析 ,并结合国内外相关文献进行讨论。　结果　符合条件者共 40例 ,男性被鉴定人较多 (2 8名 ) ,平均年龄 33.5 5岁 ,主要年龄段 30～ 40岁 ,妄想和情绪低落等症状具有明显的作用 ,精神分裂症和无精神病在疾病诊断中占有显著地位。　结论　合并自杀的杀人行为具有一定的特征 ,应引起司法精神病学的关注 ,并展开更深入的研究。     

Filicide: A Comparison by Sex and Presence or Absence of Self-destructive Behavior

The purpose of this study was to identify sociodemographic, contextual, situational, and individual variables, as well as certain behavioral warning signs, associated with filicide as a function of sex of the agressors and the presence or absence of self-destructive behaviours. The data cover all officially registered filicides committed in Quebec from January 1, 1986, to March 31, 1994, against youths under the age of 18 years. For the group of individuals who have self-destructive behaviours, results indicate that men compared to women are more likely to commit spousal homicide, to kill a higher number of victims, to be going through a conjugal separation, to have committed conjugal violence, to have threatened suicide, and to have threatened to kill their spouse. For the group of individuals who commit no self-destructive acts, women are more likely to present with a depressive disorder, whereas men are more likely to maltreated their children. Men who do not commit a self-destructive act are characterized by a significantly higher likelihood of maltreatment against their children and of tyrannical discipline, whereas men who commit a self-destructive act perpetrate filicide as a means of reprisal against their spouse. Results underscore the importance of considering the different groups of individuals who commit filicide as a function of sex as well as presence or absence of self-destructive behaviour.

Suicide due to oral ingestion of lidocaine: a case report and review of the literature

The Authors describe a rare case of suicide in a 31-year-old woman, due to oral ingestion of lidocaine; the histological and toxicological findings are discussed to provide useful information to the present experience with this particular modality of death. Histological examination revealed generalized stasis. In the myocardium we observed segmentation of the myocardial cells and/or widening of intercalated discs and associated group of hypercontracted myocardial cells with "square" nuclei in line with hyperdistended ones. Non-eosinophilic bands of hypercontracted sarcomeres alternating with stretched, often apparently separated sarcomeres, small foci of paradiscal contraction band necrosis, and perivascular fibrosis were observed too. Lidocaine was detected in the subject's urine through immunoenzymatic screening. Toxicological analysis by solid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, was carried out to identify and quantify the individual substances present in the biological fluids and organs. Lidocaine concentrations were as follows: blood 31 microg/mL, gastric content 2.5 g, liver 10 microg/g, kidney 12 microg/g, brain 9 microg/g, spleen 24 microg/g, lung 84 microg/g, heart 9 microg/g, urine 9 microg/mL, and bile 6 microg/mL. No other drugs or alcohol were detected. When blood lidocaine reaches toxic levels, serious toxic symptoms associated with the central nervous system and cardiac system are noted. The overdose of lidocaine produces death from ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. In this case, according to macroscopic and microscopic findings, the cause of death was most likely cardiac and possibly related to ventricular fibrillation.     

论“网络暴力”致人自杀死亡的刑事责任

随着互联网科技的发展,虚拟空间与现实生活的联系越来越紧密,网络暴力事件层出不穷,出现了不少因不堪忍受凌辱而自杀的案例.我国刑法通常认为自杀死亡结果和网络暴力之间不存在因果关系,自杀死亡结果只是情节严重中的结果,但这并不合理.网络暴力的特质在于对精神的强制以及对身心的持续伤害,网络暴力高于普通的精神伤害行为,在特定的情况...     

20世纪30年代北方自杀问题研究--以天津《大公报》为中心

20世纪30年代,北方地区自杀问题层出不穷,主要表现在自杀频繁、自杀原因多与经济压迫有关、自杀者的职业分布广、妇女自杀者较多等几方面.<大公报>除了对一系列自杀事件进行深入详细的报道之外,还对引起自杀问题的社会经济根源进行了挖掘,并从现代化建设的角度,对与自杀问题相关的振兴农村问题、妇女问题及教员保健问题进行了探讨,提出了一些有价值的宝贵建议.