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31.
In this article I analyse how parents' lethal violence is presented in Finnish murder‐suicide news reports. I explore how gendered ideas of parenthood and violence affect these constructions. The cases that I am interested in are those with child victims where the perpetrator is either the father or the mother. The theoretical frame of analysis is feminist ethnomethodology, and Membership Categorization Analysis is used as the method. One of the starting‐points is that parenthood is gendered in a way that mothers and fathers have different rights, responsibilities and competences in our culture. In other words, moral orders of fathering and mothering exist. Because of this, women's and men's violent actions towards their own children are understood differently. When a man kills his children and himself he can be portrayed as a caring parent. Instead, in a certain context a woman can be ‘a killer mum’, her act ‘a murder’ and her personality described in the light of the deed. The focus of this article is on gender and family categorization used in murder‐suicide news in Finnish newspapers and the moral orders created in them. I explore the differences by mainly using two case examples: 1) a man who killed his three children and himself, and 2) a woman who killed her husband, two children and herself. The consequences of these newspaper constructions are also considered. 相似文献
32.
Mogens Nygaard Christoffersen Keith Soothill Brian Francis 《Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention》2013,14(2):157-184
ABSTRACTOpen sanctions and changes in conceptions of rehabilitation are changing qualification requirements in the field of prison and probation services. In particular, the significance of social interaction between employees and offenders has emphasized. This study examines this issue from the viewpoints of social constructionism and discourse analysis. Research material was collected by interviewing 11 Finnish Criminal Sanction Agency employees who prepared and enforced supervised probationary freedom. According to the results, social interaction was structured from different points of view and linked to differently constructed identities in the interviewees’ speech. Professional interaction and a confidential employee–offender relationship were viewed as a means to create occupational safety and prevent security risks, and also to support offender’s rehabilitation. In addition, employees used a discourse of daily interaction and support which emphasized the significance of everyday encounters with the offender. Employees were able to overcome the tension between support and control by flexibly combining the discourse of supervision with the discourse of daily interaction and support, which enabled them to support the offender without being a rehabilitation professional. The study reveals the central role of social interaction, which creates challenges for education, and the development of an organizational culture in prison and probation services. 相似文献
33.
田野调查资料表明20世纪前后粤东留隍地区的妇女集体投江事件既不是无中生有,也不像方志那么浮夸,更不是经过地方长官的祭祀便销声匿迹,这种恶性事件间歇性地发生着,表现出社会结构的极端张力。大批男性下南洋谋生导致留隍社会性别、职业、家庭结构的失衡,加上社会减压机制的缺失使得留隍妇女无法承受这些压力从而走向不归路。 相似文献
34.
J. Hardt A. Sidor R. Nickel B. Kappis P. Petrak U. T. Egle 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(8):713-718
The aim of the study was to assess the association among various childhood adversities and suicide attempts. A total of 575
patients of a psychosomatic clinic and general practitioners were examined by use of a structured interview. Seventeen percent
of the sample reported a suicide attempt in the past. In particular, two forms of early violence (i.e., sexual abuse and harsh
physical punishment) were associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts. In addition, financial hardship was associated
with an increased risk for suicide attempts. Parental separation or divorce, and physical arguments between parents, increased
the risk only in a bivariate analysis; after controlling for other adversities, no association with suicide attempts remained.
Suicide attempts can be considered as an act of violence against oneself; they are associated with early experiences of sexual
and physical violence. 相似文献
35.
在法学本科教育上历来存在大陆法系模式与英美法系模式之争,但这一争议多半是局限于表面现象的结果。如果从培养法律思维能力角度考察,就会发现两种模式高度同一,都是以法律思维能力培养为核心的。所谓模式差异非但不构成争议之源,恰恰都是为满足法律思维能力培养需要而基于不同法律传统所做的不同选择。中国法学教育同样应以此为核心,结合中国的法律特点与现实需求,改进现有培养方案。 相似文献
36.
Herawati Sudoyo Putut T. Widodo Helena Suryadi Yuliana S. Lie Dodi Safari Agung Widjajanto D. Aji Kadarmo Soegeng Hidayat Sangkot Marzuki 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2008,2(3):231-237
We report the strategy that we employed to identify the perpetrator of a suicide car bombing in front of the Australian Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 9 September 2004. The bomb was so massive that only small tissue pieces of the perpetrator could be recovered, preventing conventional approach to the identification of the bomber, necessitating the introduction of DNA analysis as the primary means for perpetrator identification. Crime scene investigation revealed the trajectory of the bomb blast, which was used to guide the collection of charred tissue fragments of the perpetrator. Mitochondrial DNA analysis was first conducted on 17 tissue fragments, recovered over large areas of the trajectory to, (a) confirm that they are of a common source, i.e. the perpetrator, and thus (b) establish the mtDNA HV1 sequence profile of the perpetrator. The mtDNA of the perpetrator matches that of a maternally related family member of one of four suspects. Standard autosomal STR analysis confirmed the identification. This case is of interest as an illustration of a successful application of DNA analysis as the primary means of disaster perpetrator identification. 相似文献
37.
38.
K S Saternus 《Forensic science international》1984,25(4):265-275
The vertebral artery was investigated in suicidal hanging for specific forensic, but also general traumatological reasons. The objective was to establish the extent to which the vertebral artery in its relatively protected position is injured at all and if so, in what form. For this purpose, cervical spine preparations with the posterior space of the skull were fixed in formalin and detached in the sagittal plane in 36 unselected cases of suicidal hanging after angiographic visualization of the vertebral artery. Afterwards, both vertebral arteries were visualized, and vascular injuries were compared with injuries of the soft tissues of the neck, of the cervical spine, and of the external types of hanging. The vertebral artery was shown to be injured quite frequently (rupture, intimal tear, sub-intimal hemorrhage), namely in one quarter of all cases, and indeed in more than half taking into account the perivascular bleeding. In this way, frequencies were found which were far in excess of those of the common carotid artery. The different mechanical behavior of these two paired neck arteries in traction are dealt with and the form of injury explained. 相似文献
39.
This study aimed to investigate the family, school, peer and psychological factors that contribute to adolescent suicidal
ideation. The participants were 1,358 (680 boys and 678 girls) Hong Kong Chinese adolescents who were divided into younger
(12.3 years, n=694) and older (15.4 years, n=664) age groups. By using structural equation modeling, the results showed that family cohesion and sense of school belonging
were the core predictors of self-esteem and depression, and that depression was a strong mediator of suicidal ideation. In
the prediction of suicidal ideation, peer support was significant among girls and younger adolescents only, whereas peer conflict
was significant among older adolescents only. Family conflict, teacher support and academic pressure did not show any significant
contribution in the prediction. The implications for future research and positive youth development programs are discussed.
Rachel C. F. Sun (BSocSc, PhD) is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Social Work, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
She is also the Project Administrator of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes),
which is an indigenous and large−scaled positive youth development programme in Hong Kong Chinese cultural context. She received
her Bachelor Degree in Social Sciences, with Psychology Major, at the University of Hong Kong. She also received her PhD at
the Faculty of Education, the University of Hong Kong in 2005. Her PhD research, which titled “Developing and evaluating a
model of suicidal ideation for Hong Kong Chinese adolescents” aimed to develop a model that delineated the simultaneous relationship
of family, school, peers, self-esteem and depression to adolescent suicidal ideation, and to explore the support mechanisms
of the family, school and peers for maintaining adolescent psychological health. Her research interests comprise adolescent
psychological health, positive youth development and school guidance.
Eadaoin K. P. Hui is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Education, the University of Hong Kong. Her research interests
encompass student guidance and counseling and personal-social education. 相似文献
40.
Karen E. Schaefer Christianne Esposito-Smythers June P. Tangney 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2016,27(5):698-704
Suicidal behavior is a significant problem in United States jails. Suicidal ideation (SI) is an established precursor to suicidal behavior in incarcerated populations. No studies to date have examined the prevalence of SI or its correlates in a mixed-gender U.S. jail sample. The purpose of the present study was to document rates of SI in a mixed-gender jail sample and examine socio-demographic and psychiatric correlates. This study of 511 jail inmates found that approximately 16% of participants reported clinically significant SI upon incarceration. White participants, suicide attempters, and those with a psychiatric diagnosis history endorsed greater SI. Reported SI did not differ by sex and was not correlated with age. Clinically, results indicate that screening for SI in jail samples is necessary to identify high-risk individuals for intervention to prevent suicidal behavior. 相似文献