论侦查实践中视频监控运用机制的完善

随着侦查理论研究和实践的广泛运用,利用视频监控侦查破案势必成为一条全新、简捷、高效的侦查途径。但当前视频监控在建设、运用和法律规范方面仍存在一些尚需解决的问题。随着"科技强警"理念的不断深入,我们要积极转变传统思维,使视频监控在侦查实践中的作用最大化发挥,从而更好地保障社会稳定和公民基本权利。     

论视频监控系统在公安工作中的应用

视频监控系统因其实时、准确、直观的特点,在提高公安工作效率、缓解警力不足以及防范打击犯罪等方面发挥着重要作用。但目前的视频监控系统在管理、后期维护、具体应用等方面还存在一些亟待解决的问题,其资源整合、共享以及技术升级应成为我国视频监控系统建设和发展的主要方向。     

Book reviews

This paper analyzes practices of counter-surveillance—particularly against closed-circuit television systems in urban areas—and theorizes their political implications. Counter-surveillance is defined as intentional, tactical uses, or disruptions of surveillance technologies to challenge institutional power asymmetries. Such activities can include disabling or destroying surveillance cameras, mapping paths of least surveillance and disseminating that information over the Internet, employing video cameras to monitor sanctioned surveillance systems and their personnel, or staging public plays to draw attention to the prevalence of surveillance in society. The main argument is that current modes of activism tend to individualize surveillance problems and methods of resistance, leaving the institutions, policies, and cultural assumptions that support public surveillance relatively insulated from attack.     

India’s national ID system: Danger grows in a privacy vacuum

India is juggling demands and proposals for at least three national data surveillance projects of vast scope. This article focuses on the unique identification (UID) number, which it is proposed will be allocated to India’s 1.2 billion people, with 600 M UIDs to be allocated by 2015. Draft legislation to create the Authority which will administer the UID contains few protections for privacy or other liberties. They are needed because there is otherwise a privacy vacuum in Indian law. The Bill leaves most of the details of the demographic and biometric information which will be required to be included Regulations, and imposes no controls on which organisations can require UIDs, or what they can do with them. This article focuses on the planning documents for the UID, and the Bill, to argue that India may be building an identification system that puts peoples’ liberties at risk, and does so in a way which will be largely out of control of democratic or judicial restraints on such a powerful use of information technology.     

Constructing a surveillance impact assessment

This paper describes surveillance impact assessment (SIA), a methodology for identifying, assessing and resolving risks, in consultation with stakeholders, posed by the development of surveillance systems. This paper appears to be the first such to elaborate an SIA methodology. It argues that the process of conducting an SIA should be similar to that of a privacy impact assessment (PIA), but that an SIA must take account of a wider range of issues, impacts and stakeholders. The paper categorises the issues and impacts to be considered in the conduct of an SIA and identifies the benefits of a properly conducted SIA.     

美国《涉外情报监视法》评介

爱德华·斯诺登将美国国家安全局庞大的监控计划曝光,引发世界多国对美国表示抗议。美国政府声称其监控行为是基于《外国情报监视法》的授权而实施。在美国复杂的监控法律体系中,该法有着独特的生成背景、功能定位以及价值选择,自1978年颁行以来历经多次修正,在国家安全领域依然发挥着举足轻重的作用。     

Surveillance and resilience: Relationships,dynamics, and consequences

“Resilience” is a contested term with varying and ambiguous meaning in governmental, business, and social discourses. Surveillance is increasingly relied on as an instrument for resilience, enhancing the capability of anticipating, preventing, or recovering from adversity, thus preserving the fabric of society and the state. However, surveillance itself might undesirably erode social freedoms, rights, and other public goods. In the present study we focus on the interrelationship of surveillance and resilience. Studying the relationships between surveillance and resilience requires not only the theoretical study of possible examples but also the exploration and evaluation of the resilient entity’s core properties, strategies, and tactics and the external observer’s stance toward the entity in question. Furthermore, different contexts may exhibit different effects of surveillance on resilience. For example, an increase in surveillance by a democratic state may lead to increasing resilience of the state in the face of terrorist attacks but may also lead to the decreasing resilience of that society’s ability to exercise democratic values. The various models generated by these differing relationships will be explored with relation to three examples: the surveillance of international migration, the surveillance of extremist views, and the surveillance of digital financial transactions.     

人民监督员选任条件的理性思考

人民监督员制度试行以来,虽然在实践中发挥了积极重要的作用,但仍存在很多问题与不足。突出表现在所选任的人民监督员中官员化倾向过于严重,部分监督员在监督过程中缺乏相应的监督能力、缺失监督的话语权,相当一部分监督员很少、甚至基本不参加监督活动等等。因此,在推进人民监督员制度法制化进程中,如何科学界定人民监督员的选任条件就显得至关重要。     

新刑诉法中监听措施若干问题的完善——以我国台湾地区相关立法为参考

2012年《刑事诉讼法》的修正将监听措施纳入了刑事诉讼法的规制,是促使侦查程序法治化的一个重要标志。但不可否认的是相关规定仍然存在不完善、不科学之处。我国台湾地区的通讯监察制度经2007年修改后进一步得到完善,鉴于两岸的文化意识和法律传统有诸多相似之处,其在案件范围、适用对象、审批程序、监听通知、非法证据排除等方面,对我国大陆监听制度的完善具有重要的借鉴意义。