失序与弹压:2011年英国骚乱之诱因与刑事法制的反应

2011年夏发生的英国骚乱具有深刻的社会政治经济、文化与种族背景,是各种反权威、反社会的合力的总体现。其直接导火索是少数族裔与执法部门之间因种族问题而导致的冲突,其后续发展反映了社会政治经济地位被"相对剥夺"了的下层民众与社会权威机构之间的矛盾。同时,骚乱活动又具有相当程度的盲目性、松散性与自发性。为了修补破碎的英国社会,单纯靠监狱、刑罚、警察与军队的暴力解决不了根本问题,因为刑罚的威慑力应该并且实际上是有限的。以这场骚乱为启示,缓解社会矛盾和维护社会稳定,一方面要解决社会贫富不均与不同利益群体之间的矛盾等深层问题,另一方面需要培养社会公众的、守法的、内在的道德抑制机制,提高法律和执政当局的权威和正当性。     

英国体育仲裁制度及其对我国的启示

体育纠纷解决中心（Sport Resolutions，简称SRS）是英国专业性的体育纠纷解决机构，体育仲裁是其提供的主要纠纷解决方式之一。通过介绍SRS的建立背景，分析其体育仲裁的主要程序和实践，概括和总结英国体育仲栽的特点。在此基础上建议我国建立民间性的体育仲裁机构，分别对普通仲裁程序和上诉仲裁程序作出详细的规定。     

Public markets, private orderings and corporate governance

In the New Property Rights approach the degree of incompleteness of markets is taken independently of the cost of the public ordering and of their efficiency relatively to private orderings. In this approach “public markets,” similarly to a Swiss cheese, are either assumed to be nonexistent empty holes (because of infinite third party verification costs) or assumed to be smooth and efficient (because of zero third party verification costs). When we allow for positive but not infinite third party verification costs we are necessarily pushed back to the insights of Commons, Coase, Fuller and Williamson. The degree of (in)completeness of public markets becomes an endogenous economic problem and managers can be seen as agents that make “second order” specific investments to run specific relations that cannot be efficiently handled by public markets. Managers and the public authorities build respectively private and public “legal equilibria” that set the working rules within which transactions can take place. Private and public legal equilibria are not only substitutes but also complements. This complementarity is an important source of the path dependency that characterizes the development of different legal systems. The framework is applied to GM’s acquisition of Fisher Body. We suggest that, contrary to the claims of the New property Rights approach, the advantages of the acquisition were not due to the superior incentives of the new private owners but should be rather related to the replacement of public markets by the new private ordering set up by Alfred Sloan.     

Powdered Activated Carbon: An Alternative Approach to Genomic DNA Purification

Forensic evidence samples are routinely found as stains on various substrates, which may contain substances known to inhibit polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The goal of this study was to evaluate post‐Chelex^®100 purification using powdered activated carbon (PAC). Mock crime scene DNA extracts were analyzed using quantitative PCR and short tandem repeat (STR) profiling to test the DNA recovery and inhibitor removal using PAC with those of the Amicon^®Ultra 100K. For extracted bloodstains on soil and wood substrates, PAC and Amicon^®Ultra 100K generated similar DNA yield and quality. Moreover, the two methods significantly decreased the concentration of humic substances and tannins compared to nonpurified extracts (p < 0.001). In instances where extracts contained indigo dye (bloodstains on denim), Amicon^®Ultra 100K performed better than PAC due to improved amplifiability. Efficient adsorption of humic substances and tannins, which are common inhibitors, indicates PAC's potential application in the purification of high‐template DNA extracts.     

新型毒品“K“粉的蔓延原因及遏制对策

新型毒品“K”粉的发展蔓延不仅摧残了吸食者的身心健康,同时引发了严重的社会问题,破坏了社会稳定,遏制新型毒品的蔓延刻不容缓。当前,吸食“K”粉案件不断蔓延有主观因素,也有客观因素。其特点是以群体吸食为主、低龄化趋势明显、无正当职业居多、隐蔽性强和“K”粉来源地较复杂等。遏制“K”粉蔓延必须完善禁毒工作的法律法规,为打击吸贩新型毒品违法犯罪活动提供法律保障; 在堵源截流、坚决铲除娱乐场所毒品违法犯罪活动的同时,加强禁毒宣传力度和禁毒队伍建设。     

From apathy to obsession: the reactions of A. K. Chesterton and the British far right to imperial decline

ABSTRACT

Mulhall sets out to explain how, contrary to what one might expect, imperial decline was rarely a pressing issue for the British far right, usually falling below both the perceived threats of Communism and immigration on their list of priorities. By first explaining these unexpected findings and then placing them in an international comparative context, new evidence emerges that supports those imperial historians who subscribe to the ‘minimal impact’ orthodoxy regarding the effect of empire on the metropole. In addition, however, those aspects of the radical right that did concern themselves with imperial decline, namely A. K. Chesterton and the League of Empire Loyalists, are explored in depth, revealing a peculiarly British form of conspiratorial antisemitism that blamed imperial decline on secret Jewish power. This strand of conspiracy thinking, best articulated by Chesterton, is traced back to its origin so as to illuminate the continuity of ideas and ideologies between the interwar and post-war periods within the British far right. The result is an article that contributes to several existing historiographical debates and provides an exploration of a less well-known aspect of the work of A. K. Chesterton and conspiratorial antisemitism more generally.     

新型香草香料“K3”的GC／MS解析

目的对新型香草香料“K3”的主要化合物成分进行解析,为相关研究和应用提供参考。方法采用GC／MS方法,对新型香草香料“K3”样本进行检测,根据“K2”的主成分推断“K3”样本中检出的2种主要化合物成分的性质,并对其碎片离子图进行解析。结果初步推断香料“K3”中的化合物1为苯环上的2个氢被2个（-OCH3）基训取代的苯乙酰吲哚类化合物,分子式为C23H27NO3,分子量为365;化合物2为AM-2201（F代JWH-18）,分子式为C24HzzFNO,分子量为359。结论新型香草香料“K3”中含有合成大麻素类成分,该类药物应引起相关部门的重视。     

不同温度下兔玻璃体液K~+浓度与死亡时间的关系研究

目的探索在不同环境温度条件下,玻璃体液中钾离子浓度变化规律与死亡时间的关系。方法家兔处死后分别置于5℃、15℃、25℃和35℃温度下保存,在0~120h内每12h双眼交替微量提取玻璃体液80~100μL;应用罗氏DPPI生化分析仪检测玻璃体液中K~+的浓度;应用插值函数进行分析拟合,建立死亡时间推断方程。结果各温度组家兔玻璃体液中K~+浓度随死亡时间延长均呈上升趋势,对所得数据进行插值拟合,在5℃~35℃的温度变化区间内,K~+浓度变化与PMI关系的三元五次曲面方程:f(x,y)=-1.998e~(14)+1.345e~(12)x+5.902e~(13)y+0.005 585x~2-4.509e~(11)xy-3.876e~(12)y~2-0.000 286 8x~3+0.003 545x~2y+4.406e~(10)xy~2-1.746e~(10)y~3+2.669e~(-6)x~4-1.568e~(-5)x~3y-0.000 177 1x~2y~2-1.64e~9xy~3+6.669e~9y~4-8.672e~(-9)x~5+4.467e~(-8)x~4y+2.354e~(-7)x~3y~2+2.459e~(-6)x~2y~3+2.05e~7xy~4-1.214e~8y~5(R~2=0.995 6),其中温度为自变量x,K~+浓度值为自变量y,PMI为因变量f(x,y)。结论在5℃~35℃的环境温度区间内,家兔眼玻璃体液中K~+浓度变化与死亡时间关系符合三元五次方程分布,利用插值函数拟合的方法可将环境温度作为参数,实现在环境温度变化条件下进行死亡时间推断。     

急慢性酗酒后脑组织Ngb、Hif-1α表达和Na^＋,K^＋-ATPase活性变化与TSAH的关系

目的探讨急慢性酗酒后脑组织脑红蛋白（Ngb）、缺氧诱导因子1α（Hif-1α）表达和Na＋,K＋-ATPase活性变化及与外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血（TSAH）的关系。方法雄性SD大鼠146只,随机分为急、慢性模型两大组,每组再各分为灌酒打击、灌水打击及单纯灌酒3个组,其中各打击组于最后一次灌胃后2h,用单摆式打击装置制作脑震荡模型;断颈处死大鼠,用免疫组化法观察脑组织Ngb、Hif-1α的表达、用分光光度法检测Na＋,K＋-ATPase。结果急、慢性灌酒打击组TSAH发生率分别为28.6%和82.4%;各灌酒打击和单纯灌酒组Ngb、Hif-1α-IOD值均显著高于各灌水打击组（P〈0.01）;急性单纯灌酒组2-4h Na＋,K＋-ATPas活性明显低于灌水打击组（P〈0.01）;慢性单纯灌酒组2h Na＋,K＋-ATPase活性高于急性灌酒组（P〈0.01）,而低于灌水打击组（P〈0.05）。结论急慢性灌酒后,脑组织Ngb、Hif-1α均呈反应性增强,Na＋,K＋-ATPase活性降低,酒精作用可能参与了TSAH的发生和死亡过程。