美国K类签证对中国立法的启迪

美国K类签证,又称外籍公民入境与美国公民结婚的一种签证。由于K类签证拒签率较低,对申请人的语言要求不高,已经成为美国公民的外籍配偶合法移民的重要途径。鉴于越来越多的发展中国家公民试图通过涉外婚姻而达到移居发达国家的目的,因此出入境管理部门及普通百姓了解K类签证的申请程序,有助于中国研究制定相应的立法对策。     

The masochist's masquerade: Kōno Taeko's ‘Beautiful Girl’ (Bishōjo)

Kōno Taeko is notorious for her literary masochism, which critics tend to read solely through the narrow lens of psychoanalysis. This article contends that we gain new insights into Kōno's literary life and corpus when historical contexts are also brought to bear. In reading closely ‘Bishojo’ (Beautiful Girl, 1962), a story that appeared at the same time as Kōno's most famous award-winning stories in the early 1960s, I contend that Kōno's fictional world can best be grasped with attention to two key factors: the impact of Kōno's wartime girlhood on her fiction; and, in ‘Bishōjo’ in particular, the Occupation Period (1945–1952) context, which serves as more than mere background to the story's revenge plot. Girls, or shōjo, form the core of the story and expose the disavowed shōjo at the core of protagonist Shōko's psyche. To survive, Shōko must cloak her masculine strengths in a masochistic masquerade indistinguishable from femininity itself. She threads her masochistic masquerade between two abusive men whose efforts to humiliate her cannot be separated from the national Occupation context and postwar masculinity. Finally, this essay demonstrates that Kōno's masochism functions as a literary technique for constructing subjects differently by gender in historical contexts, thereby exposing the psychic distortions that only fiction, as a light into the darkened interior world of human beings, can illuminate.     

参七虫草胶囊干预肺间质纤维化大鼠模型PI3K/Akt信号通路实验研究

目的 观察参七虫草胶囊对肺间质纤维化模型大鼠磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）和丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶（serine/threonine protein kinase B,Akt）信号通路的干预作用。方法 采用博莱霉素气道喷雾法复制大鼠肺间质纤维化模型。将40只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、氢化泼尼松组、参七虫草胶囊组,每组10只。酶联免疫吸附法测定各组大鼠治疗前后血清及肺组织中PI3K/Akt水平。结果 与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清和肺组织中Akt及PI3K水平显著升高（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,参七虫草胶囊组和氢化泼尼松组大鼠血清及肺组织中Akt及PI3K水平显著降低（P＜0.05）;参七虫草胶囊组大鼠血清和肺组织中Akt、PI3K水平显著低于氢化泼尼松组（P＜0.05）。结论 参七虫草胶囊通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路的激活从而抑制肺纤维化炎症反应,延缓肺间质纤维化病程进展。     

电针联合丰富康复训练对局灶性脑缺血大鼠PI3K/AKT信号通路的影响

目的探讨电针联合丰富康复训练对磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase,PI3K/AKT)信号通路的影响及血管新生机制。方法将60只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、针康组、抑制剂组,每组15只,参照Longa线栓法建立局灶性大脑中动脉缺血动物模型。针康组于模型复制后给予电针及康复治疗,电针取穴"百会""风府""内关""心俞",每日1次,连续治疗7d。抑制剂组侧脑室注射AKT阻断剂后,进行电针联合康复训练干预,每日1次,连续治疗7d。干预结束后,比较各组大鼠神经功能评分、脑梗死面积,分别采用免疫组织化学法和Western blot法检测缺血侧脑组织中PI3K、AKT蛋白的表达水平。结果与假手术组比较,模型组神经功能缺损评分显著增加(P<0.05),梗死面积显著增大(P<0.05),缺血侧脑组织中PI3K、AKT蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,针康组神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.05),脑梗死面积显著缩小(P<0.05),缺血侧脑组织PI3K、AKT蛋白表达水平显著增加(P<0.05);与针康组比较,抑制剂组大鼠神经功能缺损评分显著增加(P<0.05),脑梗死面积显著增大(P<0.05),缺血侧脑组织PI3K、AKT蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论电针联合丰富康复训练可有效促进脑缺血大鼠神经功能恢复,减小脑梗死面积,这可能与其激活PI3K/AKT信号通路,诱导血管新生有关。     

论英国的分时度假立法

英国是欧盟成员国中最早制定分时度假专门立法的国家,欧盟分时度假指令也是在该国的推动下出台的。因此,研究英国分时度假立法,对我国将来的立法应有一定的借鉴价值。从英国分时度假法的立法背景出发,重点介绍了英国立法的内容及其重大修订,并做出相应评述。     

黄芩素对人白血病K562细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:观察黄芩素对人白血病细胞K562生长的抑制作用及对细胞凋亡率的影响。方法:体外培养K562细胞,将对数生长期K562细胞数调整到1×105/m l,将黄芩素加入各实验孔,将黄芩素的终浓度调整为25.0,50.0,100.0,200.0,400.0μg/m l,每个浓度设4个复孔,分别培养细胞48 h和72 h,采用MTT比色法观察黄芩素对K562细胞的生长抑制作用。将对数生长期K562细胞数调整为1×107/m l,加入黄芩素50.0,100.0,200.0μg/m l作用48 h后,收集细胞用流式细胞仪进行检测,并计算凋亡细胞百分数。结果:黄芩素对人白血病K562细胞增殖有抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性。黄芩素50.0,100.0,200.0μg/m l诱导K562细胞凋亡,有明显的凋亡峰(AP峰)出现。结论:黄芩素对人白血病细胞K562的增殖有抑制作用,其机制可能与促进K562细胞的凋亡有关。     

An evaluation of the quality of impact assessment in the European Union with lessons for the US and the EU

Governments throughout the world are requiring greater use of economic analysis as a way of informing policy decisions. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of impact assessment in the European Union, using US assessments as a benchmark. We find that recent EU impact assessments include more economic information than they did in the past, although important items are still missing. We also provide evidence that the quality of EU impact assessment increases with the expected cost of a proposal. Furthermore, we find that the quality of EU assessments that report high total costs is similar to that of US assessments.     

Patrolling Public Schools: The Impact of Funding for School Police on Student Discipline and Long‐term Education Outcomes

As police officers have become increasingly common in U.S. public schools, their role in school discipline has often expanded. While there is growing public debate about the consequences of police presence in schools, there is scant evidence of the impact of police on student discipline and academic outcomes. This paper provides the first quasi‐experimental estimate of funding for school police on student outcomes, leveraging variation in federal Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) grants. Exploiting detailed data on over 2.5 million students in Texas, I find that federal grants for police in schools increase middle school discipline rates by 6 percent. The rise in discipline is driven by sanctions for low‐level offenses or school code of conduct violations. Further, I find that Black students experience the largest increases in discipline. I also find that exposure to a three‐year federal grant for school police is associated with a 2.5 percent decrease in high school graduation rates and a 4 percent decrease in college enrollment rates.     

英国劳动关系的调整路径及其对中国的借鉴意义

英国劳动关系的发展与英国政治、经济的变化紧密相联.伴随着英国工会政治地位的下降、产业结构的调整以及劳动力市场灵活性的增强,英国劳动关系经历了从自主、对抗到合作的曲折历程.相对于劳动关系的变化,英国劳动关系的调整总体上保持了自愿主义的传统特征,但是政府的作用正在逐步增强,建立了一套较为规范的法律制度体系.英国劳动关系的调整路径对我国建立和完善劳动关系调整制度具有诸多借鉴意义.