解析济南的总部经济

区域经济的发展对济南这个内陆城市显得日益重要。总部经济作为区域经济的一种,其形态上有销售总部、采购中心、研发总部、结算中心等,是一种高端经济,也是一种地缘文化经济,它在济南还是个新事物,许多方面有待深入研究和来自政府的支持。     

国外负所得税理论研究的十大启示

本文在梳理有关文献的基础上提出国外负所得税理论研究的十大启示,即:纯粹形式,还是不同变体;局部试验,还是全国计划;短期试验,还是永久性计划;运用静态分析,还是动态分析;理性决策的主体是个人,还是家庭;倚重利己行为假设,还是利他行为假设;暂时收入假说,还是持久收入假说;偏好工作,还是偏好闲暇;评价应遵循单维度,还是多维度;要公平,还是要效率。作者认为,这十大启示为我们设计适合中国国情的负所得税方案提供了重要借鉴。     

税收负担、公共品层次与私人公共品需求——以山东省面板数据为例

个人税收负担的增长会对公共品需求产生负向影响,这一结论在西方的研究中被普遍证明。本文从中国实际出发,借助经典的中位选民模型,考察了个人税收负担对公共品需求的影响。通过对山东省17市1997～2007年的面板数据进行实证分析,发现个人税收负担对公共品需求的负向影响在中国并不普遍存在。就影响公共品需求的各因素来看,公共品需求的收入弹性以及人口拥挤效应普遍存在;个人税收负担对济南、烟台两市一般公共品需求产生负向影响,对其余15个市产生正向效应。为进一步揭示税收负担对不同层次公共品需求的影响差异,选取了教育和公共安全这两类特殊公共品进行研究。山东省17地市的个人税收负担对教育这类公共品普遍产生负向影响;对公共安全类公共品产生完全正向效应。因此,本文认为山东省一般公共品市场是供给导向的市场,税收弹性与公共品需求层次相关,建议建立引导公民合理表达公共品需求意向机制。     

税收优先权初论

税收征管法第45条确立了税收优先权制度,这对于保障国家税收的实现起到了重要作用。我国税收优先权的种类和适用范围,包括税收及滞纳金。税收优先权制度建立的理论基础包括税收人公益性、风险性要求等。由于我国税收优先权与其他债权的关系欠缺一定的公示性,将导致债权人设置抵押、质押时无法查清债务人在此之前具有欠缴税款的情形,同时税收优先于留置权的规定违反了物权法的规定。可借鉴日本和我国台湾地区的有关做法,在税收征管法修正时予以改进。     

税收优先权初论

税收征管法第45条确立了税收优先权制度,这对于保障国家税收的实现起到了重要作用。我国税收优先权的种类和适用范围,包括税收及滞纳金。税收优先权制度建立的理论基础包括税收人公益性、风险性要求等。由于我国税收优先权与其他债权的关系欠缺一定的公示性,将导致债权人设置抵押、质押时无法查清债务人在此之前具有欠缴税款的情形,同时税收优先于留置权的规定违反了物权法的规定。可借鉴日本和我国台湾地区的有关做法,在税收征管法修正时予以改进。     

论纳税人的用税知情权及其实现

要保证"取之于民"的税款能够真正"用之于民",纳税人就应当对政府用税享有知情权。作为纳税人与有关国家机关之间"获知"与"告知"相关联的产物,纳税人用税知情权是一种积极性权利与消极性权利相结合的综合体,它在纳税人的权利体系中占有极其重要的地位。在我国,纳税人用税知情权的实现不仅需要相关法律体系的完善,而且需要制度保障的跟进和配套机制的建设。     

‘The Assembly Line and Cars Come First’: Labor Relations and the Demise of Nissan Car Manufacturing in Australia

This article examines the fate of Nissan's plant in Melbourne, Australia, which the company closed in 1992. Studies of Japanese car plants that were set up in overseas markets have generally been positive, outlining how these firms were able to thrive by setting up flexible or lean production methods. In Australia, however, the company was unable to establish lean production and executives complained bitterly about union resistance to non-traditional production methods. The plant was also dogged by poor worker morale and high turnover. This is the first study of Nissan's Australian plant and it shows that not all Japanese transplants were successful.     

个人所得税法的空筐结构与规范续造

个人所得税法呈现"空筐"外观,实施条例及财税规范性文件循解释执行上位法、依授权制定规则、补充漏洞、创制规则四条进路实施规范续造。地方人大、政府的制度内规则创设权极其有限。税收事项技术性常被作为证成剩余立法权的理由,但此非充要条件。在组织财政收入的传统目标外,调控功能的植入吁求个税规则一定的灵活性。地区间差异使"净额所得"导向的个税规则应有区别,因地制宜的治理实践同样在应然层面消解税权集中的合理性。我国应区分财政目的规范与管制诱导性规范,施以不同程度的法定要求;在纵向适当授权的同时,在横向维度,于四条规范续造路径中分别甄选适于两类规范者。对各类规范续造,都要强化实体和程序控制,并建构审查机制。     

Family and tax registers in the Aegean Islands during the Ottoman period

This article examines types of tax registers that provide a picture of families in the Aegean Islands during the Ottoman occupation. Numerical data from the islands of Andros, Myconos, Syros, Serifos, and Patmos are emphasized. Accounts by travelers and Roman Catholic priests and other documentation of that time are also examined. The article attempts to verify the reliability of data from the registers regarding family size, number of households, the possibility of household sharing by more than one family, and number of household heads. Records of personal taxes (ispence, or poll tax) indicate that the families on the islands during the 17th and 18th centuries had only a few members. Exact data cannot be derived because the communities attempted to redistribute taxes according to their own needs rather than following official Ottoman orders. Similar indirect information is derived from another kind of register that recorded the transfer of taxpayers' properties. The number of houses for some islands seems to have steadily increased although the number of family shares did not. This phenomenon may be linked to the status of ownership of immovable property, the horizontal property that was applied, and the nonexistence of cohabitation of extended families. Another issue concerns the number of widows in the tax registers. This large number does not correspond to the family status of these women but rather to tax practices exercised by the communities and participation of these women in the economic and social life of the islands.