La Generalización del Impuesto al Valor Agregado: ¿Una opción para México?

Given poor tax collection in Mexico –which has registered an average of 10 to 11 percent of the GDP over the last 10 years, while spending has remained around 20 percent–, fiscal reform has been a recurring issue in public debates. In this context, the vat generalization appears as a major option for the country. Nonetheless, its viability has been caught in a discussion tinged with dogmatic hues. This paper presents some important elements that should be taken into account in the debate regarding a generalization of the vat. If the argument for not generalizing this tax is based on the tax’s regressive turn, it should then be stressed that current tax structure has created a situation of greater inequality in terms of the recipients of the support.     

《中德税收协定》的现状与发展趋势

中德两国互为重要的经济贸易伙伴国。《中德税收协定》自1985年签订以来,成为两国解决双重征税和防止逃漏税问题的法律准则。然而,《中德税收协定》实施后,中国不断地推进税制改革,两国间经贸往来出现了新的形式,与此同时,国际税法理论也有了新的发展。因此,适时修改《中德税收协定》是必要的。尽管中国在德国的投资已有所发展,但是应当清醒地看到,中国仍是资本输入国,在修订《中德税收协定》时,应当坚持来源地管辖权为主和适当兼顾居民管辖权的原则。     

国际税收透明度同行评议及中国的应对

为实施国际税收透明度和信息交换原则而组织的全球税收论坛同行评议是国际税收合作中的新机制。评议中发现在涉外信托、无记名股票和名义持有人三个问题上各国普遍存在信息透明度不足的缺陷。我国作为大陆法系国家,现行的法律法规与论坛所设计的标准也有一定距离,值得引起注意。应当在完善信托税制的实体法律基础上加强获取信托信息的税收征管程序立法,对国内信托和涉外信托分别制定信息申报规则;有必要对公司法第130条进行修订,取消发行无记名股票的规定;制定隐名投资中的名义股东的信息保存法,对名义股东施以信息报告义务。     

Tax Evasion and the Role of the State Actor(s) in Bangladesh

Little attention has been paid to tax evasion in developing countries due to a lack of data. This article addresses this lacuna by investigating the tax evasion practices and finds significant increases in tax evasion in Bangladesh. The study makes a major contribution to the literature in tax evasion, and indicates that the norms of state actor(s) (i.e. the National Board of Revenue–the sole tax authority in Bangladesh) lie in the interests of politicians and the continuation of corruption. The legitimacy of the state actors in this case means that they act as facilitators for increasing tax evasion practices. Therefore, the current system has endured remarkably robustly to date, and coercive isomorphism is indeed needed in the institutionalization process.     

Prison registers,their possibilities and their pitfalls: the case of local prisons in nineteenth-century Quebec

This article presents a methodological discussion and analysis of nineteenth-century local prison registers, using two datasets drawn from the common gaols of Quebec City (1813–1871) and of Montreal (1836–1899). It first examines the analytical possibilities offered by the wealth of serial data in these sources, concentrating especially on marital status and on the reconstruction of prisoners' incarceration histories. It then turns to the pitfalls inherent in exploiting such administrative records, notably the vagaries of social categorization and of stature measurement, arguing for the importance of reconstructing the legal and administrative contexts of prisoner data collection.     

政策性税收筹划的理论研究与实践探索

我国近几年税收收入持续增长,税制改革虽然取得了可喜的成果,但其背后也隐藏着一定的问题,税收制度非均衡的状况仍旧存在,政策性税收筹划有助于这个问题的解决.从理论上探讨了政策性税收筹划的可行性,阐述政策性税收筹划的基本理论,以理论为基础,以指导政策性税收筹划的实践.整理出政策性税收筹划的基本思路和推进步骤,落实到政策性税收筹划方案的制定,以期为广大研究者和使用者提供有益的帮助.     

论我国地方税体系的完善

自1994年我国分税制的财政体制建立以来,由于采用中央集权的税权分置模式,造成地方税制建设和发展的诸多困难,迫于财政压力,许多地方政府不得不在税收之外寻找“财源”,严重侵蚀了中央税基,也造成了税制的混乱。本文从分析现行地方税制的弊端入手,着重探讨在较为成熟的市场经济条件下如何完善我国的地方税制。     

试论建立我国遗产税法律制度

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善,个人收入差距和贫富悬殊日益扩大已是不争的事实。通过遗产税调节个人财产分布上的贫富差距,实现社会公平,完善税制,势在必行。     

论燃油税的开征对农村经济的影响

开征燃油税取代养路费作为我国税费改革的一项重要内容已写进了《公路法》修正案,新税种的征收将给农村经济带来负面影响,必须处理好“征”与“返”的关系,保证农民的利益。     

试析《德国税法通则》对我国当前立法的借鉴意义

《税收基本法(或税法通则)》的制定是关系到我国税收法律体系的重新整合与完善,关系到纳税人权利保护与国家征税权实现的平衡,关系到最终实现和谐的税收征纳关系的税收法治建设的基础环节.在制定税法通则的过程中,对国家与纳税人之间的权利义务将产生重大的影响,因此,必须兼顾各方当事人的利益,加以平衡协调.为积极推进该浩大的税收立法工程,对外国先进的立法经验应当有所借鉴和吸收.《德国税法通则》(Abgabenordnunp)自1919年公布实旌以来,几经修改,已经形成了体系完整、结构严谨的税收基本大法,对我国税法通则的制定有着重要的借鉴意义.为此,特对《德国税法通则》的结构和主要内容加以评介,以为我国《税收基本法(税法通则)》制定之借鉴.