Using shortest path to discover criminal community

Extracting communities using existing community detection algorithms yields dense sub-networks that are difficult to analyse. Extracting a smaller sample that embodies the relationships of a list of suspects is an important part of the beginning of an investigation. In this paper, we present the efficacy of our shortest paths network search algorithm (SPNSA) that begins with an ‘algorithm feed’, a small subset of nodes of particular interest, and builds an investigative sub-network. The algorithm feed may consist of known criminals or suspects, or persons of influence. This sets our approach apart from existing community detection algorithms. We apply the SPNSA on the Enron Dataset of e-mail communications starting with those convicted of money laundering in relation to the collapse of Enron as the algorithm feed. The algorithm produces sparse and small sub-networks that could feasibly identify a list of persons and relationships to be further investigated. In contrast, we show that identifying sub-networks of interest using either existing community detection algorithms or a k-Neighbourhood approach produces sub-networks of much larger size and complexity. When the 18 top managers of Enron were used as the algorithm feed, the resulting sub-network identified 4 convicted criminals that were not managers and so not part of the algorithm feed. We directly validate the SPNSA by removing one of the convicted criminals from the algorithm feed and re-running the algorithm; in 5 out of 9 cases the left out criminal occurred in the resulting sub-network.     

关于刑事侦查阶段司法介入问题的探讨

侦查权作为刑事诉讼中的一项重要权力,其运行的过程和结果不仅影响到犯罪嫌疑人的人身、财产权利,更是我国程序合法化的重要窗口.检察机关由于其作为追诉机关的法定性质,决定了其很难在根本上控制侦查机关的违法侦查行为.借鉴相关国家关于侦查权司法控制的立法经验,构建我国刑事侦查阶段司法介入制度,从介入的主体、范围和方式三方面进行尝试,以实现我国侦查权在合法的轨道上运行.     

三类高坠案件的特点和现场勘查要点

高坠案件可分为自杀高坠案件、他杀高坠案件和意外高坠事件。高坠现场勘查是现场勘查的难点，在现场勘查中要及时周密地开展现场调查访问工作；认真详细地对尸体坠落点、尸体位置及周围环境开展勘查；加强对室内环境、门窗及房间钥匙开展勘查与检验；重点严密地对坠落地点周围的环境开展勘查；科学严谨地对“坠落通道”开展勘查。     

公安边防特殊侦查行为获取证据材料的使用

近年来随着犯罪态势的变化,特殊侦查行为的适用呈上升趋势,而特殊侦查行为获取的证据材料如何被用作定案证据就成为了一个亟待解决的问题。笔者在阐明边防办案实践中特殊侦查行为适用必要性的基础上,分析其所具有的优势,指出边防部门在办案实践中应从三个方面把握特殊侦查行为获取证据材料的使用。     

Powder method for detecting latent fingerprints: a review

The powder technique for detecting latent fingerprints involves the application of a finely divided formulation to the fingermark impression, generally with a glass-fibre or a camel hair brush. The powder gets mechanically adhered to the sweat residue defining the ridge pattern. The furrows which are devoid of the fingerprint residue, do not adhere the powder onto them. The final outcome is that the powder formulation sticks to the ridges, but is easily blown off the furrows. Since the powder is normally coloured, the ridge pattern becomes visible and the latent print is said to have developed.     

中国现代秘密侦查史稽考

在中华人民共和国建立以前,中国共产党在反对帝国主义和封建主义的斗争中就开展了运用秘密侦查手段同敌人作斗争的艰难探索,并对建国后尤其是建国初期的秘密侦查工作产生了重大影响。建国后的秘密侦查工作虽然取得了一定的成绩,为我国秘密侦查的制度化建设积累了一定的经验,但是也经历了文革时期的重大挫折,正反两方面的经验证明必须客观认识和正确评价秘密侦查的负效应,同时必须加强秘密侦查的法治化建设,这是现代秘密侦查史稽考所得出的最重要的结论。     

论高空抛坠物侵权案件中公安机关的调查权

为解决高空抛坠物侵权案件中侵权人查找难题,我国《民法典》第1254条第3款为公安机关增设了调查权。该调查权应当被定性为侵权调查权,不同于公安机关固有的治安调查权和刑事侦查权。作为我国《民法典》中的公法规范,调查权条款的正当性不仅源于理论层面的积极面向的辅助原则,更在于其对权利保障的现实意义。高空抛坠物致人损害行为的复合属性与公安机关兼具行政机关与司法机关的双重定位导致侵权调查权与治安调查权和刑事侦查权难免竞合,这对公安机关提出了新的要求。该调查权条款的适用主要产生两个法律效果:一是受害人的调查义务转移到了公安机关,前者的调查义务得以免除;二是“依法及时”和“查清责任人”的目标指向引发了调查不作为的认定问题。     

域外卧底警察作为犯罪立法考察与评析

美、德等国家立法均规定卧底警察不能实施犯罪行为,但司法实务则持较宽容的态度,事实上承认了卧底警察实施＂犯罪＂的合法性,并通过公共利益豁免、检察官策略建议及利益衡量等方式规避立法。法国、荷兰及台湾等国家和地区则有限度的承认了卧底警察的＂犯罪行为＂,并明确了授权主体及授权范围。我国卧底侦查立法宜以成文法方式有限度的承认卧底警察＂作为犯罪＂的合法性,并对＂犯罪＂的授权主体与＂犯罪＂的授权模式做出规定。     

论侦查谋略与司法诚信

侦破案件需要智谋,司法权威需要诚信,它们具有冲突性。侦查并非纯粹的司法,取证只是司法的准备。侦查效率需隐蔽案侦情况,司法准备需取证公开。侦查谋略需有欺骗性,司法诚信需有正当性。我国立法曾考虑到谋略欺骗性的合法化问题。侦查谋略合理化有四个标准。刑侦职业道德有异于公开原则,忠于事实和法律是侦查员最大的诚信。其真诚善意,体现在对待当事人的具体态度上。实施侦查谋略,并不必然违背司法诚信。谋略运用需要个人素养,也需要制度保障。如何把握非法取证与侦查谋略的界限,体现在用谋施策的细微之处,反映着司法诚信的大局与面貌。     

论“人肉搜索”在侦查工作中的运用

面对日益严峻的治安形势,刑侦部门应转变思想、统一认识,积极发挥网民作用来为侦查破案服务。将"人肉搜索"引入到侦查工作中,走网民路线,发动网民提供线索以拓宽破案渠道,必将推动侦查工作的发展。