Nāgārjuna’s Arguments on Motion Revisited

This paper discusses a somewhat neglected reading of the second chapter of Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, arguing that the main focus of a crucial part is a particular theory of properties and their relation to individuals they instantiate, rather than the refutation of specific assumptions about the nature of space and time. Some of Nāgārjuna’s key arguments about motion should be understood as argument templates in which notions other than mover, motion, and so forth could be substituted. The remainder of the discussion of motion does not serve quasi-Zenonian purposes either but uses motion as a principal example of change and considers the soteriological problems of the subject moving (gati) through transmigratory existence (saṃsāra). I attempt to show how this interpretation coheres with Nāgārjuna’s overall philosophical project.     

犯罪构成中的时间要素

刑法中，许多犯罪都以特定的时间为成立条件，且这些关于时间要素的规定既有明示的方式也有暗含的方式。刑法之所以作如此规定，是为了满足入罪的标准，或区分不同的犯罪，或出于行为本身的要求。然而，在现行刑法关于时间要素的规定中，有些是多余的，有些则不当地限制了刑事处罚的范围，应当对其予以修改和完善。     

'The fact that possesses my imagination': Rachel Carson,Science and Writing

Rachel Carson is a famous but unknown writer. She is remembered as a pioneering heroine of the ecological movement, but even her Silent Spring is hardly read and the great books about the sea that made her name are unknown to the public. Recent biographical accounts have focused on the problems Carson faced as a woman entering the male-dominated scientific community, and the sexist reception of her books. But her real life was plainly in her writing. Although the accounts of geology in The Sea around Us and of genetics in Silent Spring are outdated, her books remain classics, not only for their lucidity and beauty, but for a vision of the impersonal processes of evolution and geological time comparable to Darwin's. This is especially true of her trilogy of books on the sea: The Sea around Us , describing the biochemistry, history and geography of the oceans and their tides, Under the SeaWind, focusing on the interdependent lives of sea-creatures, while The Edge of the Sea deals with the lives, great and microscopically small, of the intertidal world. The corresponding theme of Silent Spring is the death of nature through man's folly.     

江户时代日本知识分子对儒学的态度

江户时代日本知识分子与古代不同,他们对儒学既虚心学习吸收,又采取理性的态度进行批判与改造。他们并不是全面否定中国儒学,对孔子、孟子学说基本上是持尊崇态度,对宋明理学则大力加以批判,而这种批判,既不限于宋儒,亦非儒学本身,而是儒学中的"臆度之见"和"支离破碎、细末无用之事"。日本知识分子注重实践,趋于实用,也即是他们所说的"益"是否有无,成为判断一种学说的标准和价值取向。他们吸取中国儒学之精华,却除其糟粕,最终使中国儒学日本化。他们自身亦成为中日文化交流的桥梁。     

哲学须得向科学学习——再议哲学与科学的关系

从西方哲学特别是近代欧陆哲学的历史发展来看,哲学与自然科学在思维方式上有着密切的关系。当然,理性的概念和范畴的意义在哲学与科学中又是不同的。当代,相对论和量子论等新兴科学对传统哲学的物质、宇宙等观念的变革产生了重要影响,使存在、混沌这类概念的哲学意义进一步彰显了出来。现代科学对哲学的推进,说明了哲学应当向科学学习。哲学不能把科学新成果纳入自己固有的框框,成为自己的佐证,不能以自己的教条抑制科学的探索,也不能闭目塞听,故步自封;哲学须以科学的成果来启发自己的思考。     

哲学的“未来”观念（下）

西方将哲学称作“形而上学(metaphysics)”,“meta”和“physics”缺一不可。“形而上学”不能“形式化”,“时间”与“自由”进入“形而上学”,也不能“形式化”。“时间”不可分割,但“时间”与“自由”皆有“度”。“自由”有“你我他”,“时间”有“过去现在未来”。同时这也是“存在”的状态———“人自由者”的一种特殊“存在状态(Dasein)”。“人”作为“Da sein”是“有死者会死者”,以“死”来划分“时间”的“维度”。“生死”这一过程,就是“自我”的“现时在世”。然而,“死”仍提示着“他者”。在“Dasein”的“过去现在未来”的“度”中,“未来”居于核心的地位。“人”作为“自由者”,是“创造者”。“自由”的“创造”,使“非存在”成为“存在”。“自由”之“创造”,使“未来”成为“希望”。“希望”又使传统哲学范畴的地位发生变化,“可能性现实性”如同“自由必然”一样在理解上有所推进。     

The biochemistry of vitreous humour. A comparative study of the potassium, sodium and urate concentrations in the eyes at identical time intervals after death

Analysis of the vitreous humour from an individual's eyes collected at the same time since death showed variation between the eyes in the concentration of potassium, sodium and/or urate. This previously unreported finding would limit the use of measuring these electrolytes in determining the time of death.     

侦查终结的几个问题探讨

完善侦查终结的立法措施有:规定侦查阶段疑案从无制度;完善侦查总体期限规 定;规定侦查中止。     

十六大以来“建设社会主义新农村”综述

十六大以来建设社会主义新农村经过了三个阶段：十六大至十六届五中全会的酝酿阶段,提出为全面建设小康社会而奋斗,把解决好＂三农＂问题作为全党工作的重中之重;十六届五中全会至十七大之前的系统阐发和整体部署阶段,提出把建设社会主义新农村作为全面建设小康社会、推进社会主义现代化的一大战略任务;十七大之后理论和实践的发展阶段,提出建设社会主义新农村、走中国特色农业现代化道路、加快形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局三个方面相互配合、协调推进。     

改革丌放以来党的发展观的认识深化及其启示——基于改革开放以来七次党代会报告的视角

从党的十二大提出走中国特色社会主义道路，到党的十八大对科学发展观给予新评价、新定位。这七次党代会报告深刻反映了我们党的发展观的不断深化。剖析这七次党代会报告对发展内涵认识的深化过程，对于我们高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，坚定“三个自信”，具有十分重要的启示意义。