Internal validation of the 7500 Real Time PCR System for use in forensic casework in Hellenic Police

According to guidelines of the quality assurance standards for the forensic DNA testing laboratories, prior to introducing an existing DNA analysis procedure, reliability of the procedure has to be demonstrated by carrying out internal validation. In order to introduce a sensitive and accurate DNA quantification method in our laboratory, a validation study of the 7500 Real Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) using the QUANTIFILER Human DNA Quantification Kit (Applied Biosystems) was performed. Here we report the results and the experience we have gained during this internal validation study.     

论建国以来人民民主思想的变迁

建国以来,人民民主的发展历程经历了四个阶段.从人民民主专政到社会主义民主的重新确立,从经济民主到政治民主,从党内民主到民主执政以及从国家民主到社会和谐民主.这四个阶段的发展给了我们许多重要启示.     

十六大以来党中央实施社会主义现代化战略的特点

十六大以来，党中央在制定和实施社会主义现代化发展战略中具有以下特点：在发展目标上，实现了从“三位一体”到“四位一体”的转变；在发展理念上，实现了从“效率优先、兼顾公平”到更加注重“社会公平正义”的转变；在发展方式上，实现了从“又快又好”到“又好又快”的转变。这些特点，是由新世纪新阶段中国社会主义现代化发展的历史必然性所致，是实现科学发展与和谐发展的必然要求。     

浅析经济行政强制

随着<行政强制法>提上立法日程,学界对于行政强制的探讨也日趋热烈,但是,在经济行政法的论域内研究行政强制的成果却很少.经济行政强制与行政强制是一种种属关系,经济行政强制的内涵可以理解为行政强制行为在经济行政关系中的具体表现.经济行政强制可分为经济行政强制执行和经济行政即时强制.     

新中国成立以来党探索自身先进性建设的历史启示

新中国成立以来，党探索自身先进性建设的历史启示是：不断增强党的先进性建设的经济支撑力，不断增强党的先进性建设的政治公信力，不断增强党的先进性建设的精神凝聚力，不断增强党的先进性建设的社会影响力，不断增强党的先进性建设的国际洞察力。     

关于中国律师职业时代特征的思考

中国律师职业发展到今天,面对社会发展新形势,呈现出诸多的时代特征。主要表现为社会角色定位日益多元化,承担越来越多的社会责任;律师职业涉足领域逐渐扩大,职业功能日益多元化;律师行业特征突出,职业独立性日益显现;律师行业发展迅速,呈现出集团化与专业化趋势等。     

中外合作经营企业外方先行回收投资的法律性质新探

对于中外合作经营企业外方先行回收投资的法律性质,现行的各种学说均不能作出准确的界定。其中的“优先补偿说”、“让利说”和“保本经营说”实际上只是分析了该制度的经济性质;而“股权(资本)转让说”和“减资说”对该制度的法律定性,则都存在着以偏概全,难以自圆其说的缺陷。似惟有本文提出的“特殊信贷说”,可比较适当地说明中外合作经营企业外方先行回收投资法律制度的基本特征。     

不同刺激方法和参数对循经感传速度与激发时间的影响

The relationship between the different ways and parameters (intencity and frequency ) of stimulation and the velocity and/or the induction time of propagated sensation along channels (PSC ) was abserved in this paper. The results showed that the ways and the parameters of stimulation influence significantly to the induction time of PSC, but not markedly to the velocity of PSC. The results in this paper suggested that the Ways and the parameters of stimulation have something to do with the starting process of PSC before the PSC forming,but seem not concerned with the Process of propagation after the PSC is formed.     

Effects of CBRN Decontaminants in Common use by First Responders on the Recovery of Latent Fingerprints—Assessment of the Loss of Ridge Detail on Glass

Following a CBRN incident, first responders use decontamination procedures to reduce the risk of exposure. The effect of decontamination on forensic trace material has, however, not been fully examined. This study sought to evaluate the effect of five different physical or chemical decontamination materials on the recovery of latent fingerprints. Fingerprints were deposited on glass slides, decontaminated, and assessed on the presence of ridge detail. The results demonstrate that decontamination affects the quality of latent fingerprints substantially. On at least 61% of the fingerprints, a reduced amount of ridge detail was observed upon decontamination. Furthermore, development with cyanoacrylate appeared not to succeed anymore. Instead, the ability of vacuum metal deposition to successfully develop decontaminated fingerprints is demonstrated. The results from this study may contribute to an increased forensic awareness regarding decontamination and emphasize the necessity for further research into new item decontamination procedures or new forensic initiatives prior to decontamination.     

Citrate Content of Bone for Time Since Death Estimation: Results from Burials with Different Physical Characteristics and Known PMI

A recently introduced method to determine the postmortem interval (PMI) based on quantification of the citrate content in bone was applied on the temporal bones and femora of 20 individuals buried in wooden coffins (WO) and body bags (BB), respectively. Concerning known vs. calculated PMI, a significant difference between the temporal and the femur bone samples of the same individuals was observed in the BB group (p = 0.012). In contrast, differences were insignificant for the WO group (p = 0.400). Moreover, similar levels of underestimation of PMIs resulted from the analysis of the femora for both burial groups (p = 0.247). Also, there was consistently less citrate preserved in the flat temporal bones as compared to the femora, indicating that the cortical layer of the long bones should be preferentially employed for citrate‐based PMI estimations. The results call for additional research on subsurface‐buried and surface‐deposited remains to enhance the accuracy of the published PMI equation.