Party system dynamics in post-war Japan: A quantitative content analysis of electoral pledges

Qualitative accounts of Japanese party politics allude to the standard left-right spectrum, but they invariably devote much more space to discussions of foreign policy differences than to socioeconomic conflict. Quantitative estimates of Japanese party positions treat short party responses to newspaper interviews as if they were true manifestos, and fail both to confirm the claims of the qualitative literature and to demonstrate any consistent basis for party differentiation at all. We address both puzzles by applying a text scaling algorithm to electoral pledges to estimate Japanese party positions on three major policy dimensions. Our analysis largely confirms the findings of the qualitative literature, but also offers new insights about party movement and polarization over time.     

论宽严相济刑事政策视野中刑罚之经济分析

在宽严相济刑事政策下,良好的刑罚应具有四种经济功能：惩罚犯罪,恢复正常秩序,减低交易成本;提供奖惩机制,打击机会主义动机;展示冲突的风险,促进合作;实现犯罪行为外部性的内部化,促进资源的优化配置和增殖。     

知识性资产评估师的注意义务

知识性资产评估师基于执业要求的专业性应承担专家注意义务。同时,由于不同知识性资产,如专利、商标以及专有技术的特点不同,知识性资产评估师接受具体评估业务时应尽的注意义务也不尽相同。当评估师违反注意义务时,其责任可以根据资产评估服务合同的约定或侵权法的规定承担。     

中国海洋渔业资源管理的博弈分析及制度改进

本文以公共资源利用方式为切入点,运用利益相关者博弈均衡分析方法对现行中国海洋渔业资源管理的制度选择进行了理论解释,尝试性地在理论上拓展了自组织的实现方式,建立了关联博弈模型,提出了有效利用海洋渔业资源的方式:即地方政府投资建造公共渔船网具等渔业生产资料,并在一定的条件下将使用权转让给渔民,实现产权私有、政府干预和利用者的群众组织三种方式的优势互补,从而指出解决中国海洋渔业资源优化配置问题的制度改进思路。     

基层政府信任与城乡社区居民的选举参与

我国居(村)委会选举在很大程度上是一个自上而下由政府强力推动的过程,其中街道办(乡镇政府)所起的作用往往至关重要。本文以南京市城乡若干社区的实证调查为研究个案,对居民参与社区居(村)委会选举的现状进行解析和反思,并通过Logistic回归分析深入探讨居民对街道办(乡镇政府)的信任度对社区居(村)委会选举究竟有多大以及何种程度的影响。最后以此为基础进行深入分析、研究与反思,阐明提升居民对街道办(乡镇政府)的信任度,从而推动社区居(村)委会选举与居民自治精神发展的可行性途径。     

Les barrières à la mise en œuvre des politiques d’adaptation au changement climatique: le cas de la Suisse

Abstract: The implementation of climate change adaptation polices has barely occurred in developed countries. This paper examines to what extent the perceptions of political actors might hinder the development of adaptation policies. We study the Swiss case using computer aided textual analysis. Our results demonstrate that adaptation is still not perceived as an important dimension of climate change policy. Decision makers do not perceive links between adaptation, the Swiss economy and the energy supply. Adaptation is mainly considered an issue for developing countries and not as a way to reduce the impacts of climate change in Switzerland. Right‐wing parties tend to consider adaptation a secondary issue and are more likely than those to the left to object to the formulation or the implementation of public measures.     

Korruption und Kleinstaat. Elemente einer Theorie

Abstract: Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich vorwiegend aus einer theoretischen Perspektive mit Korruption als einer bestimmten Form von Devianz in Kleinstaaten, insbesondere Mikrostaaten: Weisen sie Besonderheiten im Hinblick auf Korruptionsanfälligkeit, das Kosten‐Nutzen‐Verhältnis von Korruption sowie die Korruptionsbekämpfung auf? Zunächst wird eine grobe Kosten‐Nutzen‐Analyse für Kleinstaaten im Hinblick auf Korruption skizziert. Es folgt ein Versuch, darüber hinausgehend strukturelle korruptionserhöhende oder korruptionsreduzierende Einflussfaktoren für das Korruptionsniveau in kleinen politischen Systemen zu benennen. Daraufhin wird anhand eines Stufenmodells diskutiert, wann und gegebenenfalls in welcher Weise Kleinstaaten aktiv Korruptionsbekämpfung betreiben. Einige der in den verschiedenen Abschnitten entwickelten Überlegungen werden am Beispiel Liechtensteins punktuell veranschaulicht. Der Beitrag versteht sich als theoretische Vorstudie für weiterführende empirische Analysen.     

THE EMERGING FORENSIC ROLE FOR WORK PRODUCT REVIEW AND CASE ANALYSIS IN CHILD ACCESS AND PARENTING PLAN DISPUTES

An emerging forensic service is that of conducting a work product review of a court‐appointed child custody evaluator's evaluation and report. If the reviewer determines there are serious deficiencies in the work product, then the reviewer will provide consultation to the retaining attorney and expert testimony. The reviewer usually is in a hybrid role of consulting/advising the retaining attorney, testifying, and educating the court. Ethical issues in providing forensic services and rebuttal testimony as a reviewer are discussed. Both reviewers and evaluators have a duty to be objective and balanced in their analyses of data and issues. Both types of experts should strive to be helpful to the court and try to serve the best interests of children. Ethical nuances involving review work are discussed. Evaluator and reviewer share the same dataset. Evaluators need to take care to keep a high quality case record with legible interview notes. Reviewers provide a monitoring function for the court or a function of forensic quality control so the court will not be misled by expert testimony of evaluators that is based on flawed data collection and/or analysis. A list of questions is presented for reviewers to use in scrutinizing the quality of the custody evaluation. A list of questions is presented for examining the quality of the reviewer's own work product. The importance of a case analysis and use of conceptual frameworks by evaluators and reviewers is discussed.     

中国司法鉴定救助制度存在的问题及评析

自四川省司法厅2006年7月21日公布较为系统的《四川省司法鉴定援助暂行办法》以来,许多省、市、县纷纷制定了规范司法鉴定救助的规定。我们获取的12个规范样本,大多出自地方司法行政部门,有的较系统地明确了司法鉴定救助的目的、司法鉴定救助的对象范围与条件、司法鉴定救助的运作程序、承担救助义务的鉴定机构与鉴定人的权责等问题。然而,各地方的规范繁简不一,部分问题并未受到重视,盖因司法鉴定救助程序的规制仍处于尝试、探索之中。故在相关机构进行全国性司法鉴定救助立法之前,首先要对既有的各地方性规范进行理性评析。