价值取向是地方政府绩效评估的深层结构

价值取向是地方政府绩效评估体系和绩效评估行为的深层结构 ,是地方政府绩效评估之魂。它对于稳定和变革地方政府绩效评估体系 ,引导和调整地方政府绩效评估行为具有十分重要的作用。建立地方政府绩效评估指标体系时 ,应正确把握评估价值取向变化的方向 ,科学整合评估价值取向 ,根据新的评估价值取向体系建立、调整和整合评估指标体系。     

新公共管理在日本的实践——兼谈对中国的启示

上个世纪70年代后半期以来,西方各国公共管理领域掀起了“新公共管理”浪潮。日本在引进这种改革措施时,为了适应本国传统行政文化,作了某些修正。在经合组织成员国中,日本的新公共管理改革是独特的,对中国的经济、行政改革有一些有益的启示。     

Evaluative approach to semen transfer in a case of alleged sexual assault: A case study

This paper demonstrates a logical framework for evaluating forensic evidence, first described by Cook et al. [1,2], using a casework example of an alleged sexual assault involving semen transfer. Here we show in real time how the case strategy can change with additional information and how to use available experience and published data to interpret the findings obtained, given the background information provided. The findings of the case are interpreted using the Bayesian approach and are reported by giving the strength of support of scientific findings for one proposition rather than a competing proposition, as per the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENSFI) guideline for evaluative reporting. We believe that using this paper as a template will aid other Forensic Science Practitioners (FSP) to add value and weight to their work by assisting them in evaluating and interpreting their own findings.     

Revisiting child sponsorship programmes

Child sponsorship programmes have long been criticised for their conceptual and programmatic flaws. In response, organisations changed their programme designs to minimise negative side effects, or even stopped providing direct support to individual children altogether. This paper outlines the evolution of sponsorship programmes; discusses advantages and drawbacks of today's one-to-one sponsorship methods; and explores how progress may be possible. It concludes that such sponsorship programmes will never amount to sustainable development but can, if designed well, make a credible contribution to complex livelihoods in environments that lack adequate safety nets.

Repenser les programmes de parrainage d'enfants

Les programmes de parrainage d'enfants sont depuis longtemps critiqués pour leurs défauts conceptuels et programmatiques. En réponse à ces critiques, les organisations ont modifié la conception de leurs programmes pour réduire au minimum les effets secondaires négatifs, et ont même parfois complètement cessé d'apporter un soutien direct à des enfants individuels. Cet article décrit dans ses grands traits l’évolution des programmes de parrainage, traite des avantages et des inconvénients des méthodes actuelles de parrainage individuel et examine les manières dont il serait possible de progresser. Il conclut que les programmes de parrainage de ce type ne constitueront jamais des formes de développement durable, mais qu'ils peuvent, à condition d’être bien conçus, apporter une contribution crédible à des moyens de subsistance complexes dans des environnements qui ne sont pas pourvus de filets de sécurité adéquats.

Revisando nuevamente los programas de patrocinio a la niñez

Durante mucho tiempo, los programas de patrocinio a la niñez han sido objeto de críticas debido a sus fallos conceptuales y programáticos. Frente a esta situación, las organizaciones han modificado el diseño de sus programas, con el fin de minimizar sus efectos negativos, o han detenido totalmente el apoyo brindado a niños de manera individual. El presente artículo esboza la evolución experimentada por los programas de patrocinio, a la vez que examina las ventajas y las desventajas de los actuales programas de patrocinio individual, analizando cómo pueden hacerse avances al respecto. La conclusión surgida del artículo establece que estos programas de patrocinio nunca serán parte del desarrollo sustentable aunque, si se diseñan bien, pueden contribuir de forma verosímil a la creación de medios de vida complejos en entornos que carecen de programas sociales adecuados.

Revisitando programas de patrocínio às crianças

Os programas de patrocínio às crianças têm sido há muito tempo criticados por suas falhas conceituais e programáticas. Em resposta, as organizações mudaram seus projetos de programa para minimizar os efeitos colaterais negativos, ou até mesmo deixaram de fornecer em geral apoio direto a crianças individualmente. Este artigo apresenta a evolução de programas de patrocínio; discute as vantagens e desvantagens de métodos atuais de patrocínio individual; e avalia como o progresso pode ser possível. Ele conclui que tais programas de patrocínio nunca atingirão o desenvolvimento sustentável mas, se forem bem elaborados, podem oferecer uma contribuição confiável a meios de subsistência complexos em ambientes que não possuem redes de segurança adequadas.     

犯罪征兆信息评估与预警研究

防控犯罪是一个复杂的系统工程,其中的关键环节之一是掌握犯罪征兆信息。犯罪通常是有征兆可察的,犯罪征兆可通过信息提前感知。为有效扼制和减少我国社会转型期犯罪高发的态势,亟待研究探索一种利用犯罪征兆信息运算评估的定量结果来开展预警的简便实用方法,使公安实战部门能通过对犯罪征兆信息的甄别、分析和评估,超前预判可能面临的风险和危害,明确防控重点,合理配置防控力量,实现及时预警。     

日本医疗诉讼改革及对鉴定结论的评价

自2002年以来,日本针对医疗诉讼中鉴定人选任困难、鉴定结论提出期间长、证据价值不高、法院对鉴定结论等医学证据难以作出评价等长期存在的问题,对医疗诉讼体制作出了重大改革。鉴于我国医疗诉讼中也存在类似问题,本文对日本法的改革措施以及效果展开详细考察,以供我国参考借鉴。     

Tippins and Wittman Revisited: Law,Social Science,and the Role of the Child Custody Expert 14 Years Later

It has been 14 years since Tippins and Wittmann ( 2005 ) voiced concern for the overreaching role the expert may play in matters of family law. This article sets their levels of inference within the context of the culture of both law and social science. We examine how inferences are impacted by the relative emphasis child custody experts give to the five stakeholders involved in child custody evaluations (CCEs): courts, lawyers, parents, children, and professional governing bodies. Acculturation of the assessor to law contributes to more egregious inferences, versus the more modest ones Tippins and Wittmann advocated. How evaluators prioritize stakeholders shapes their opinion and methodology. We offer an expanded perspective that views how their levels of inference are manifest in reports, methodology, and recommendations and the influence of the culture of law and the mindset of the clinician. We hope to encourage clinicians to find ways to operationalize clinical humility, assume their proper role, and remain true to their master identity as licensed mental health professionals and their proper sphere of authority.     

Research Progress on Function Evaluation Standard and Method of Lower Extremity ImpairmentCSCD

The lower extremity impairment can be caused by illness, accident, work-related injury, traffic accident and fighting, etc. The injuries of lower extremity joint, nerve, muscle and tendon may lead to lower extremity dysfunction. So far, there is no unified standard for international and domestic function evaluation of lower extremity impairment, the evaluation standards in the same field are also different, and function evaluation of lower extremity impairment has no complete research system. However, the degree of lower extremity impairment has great influence on personal damage compensation. Therefore, the function evaluation of lower extremity impairment often becomes a dispute issue in forensic medicine identification. This article summarizes the function evaluation standards, methods and status quo of lower extremity impairment, so as to provide a new insight into the research on standardization of lower extremity impairment. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

颈舒汤加减联合推拿康复治疗混合型颈椎病疗效观察

目的 观察中药内服联合推拿康复治疗混合型颈椎病疼痛和眩晕的临床疗效。方法 采用随机法将66例混合型颈椎病（颈痛、眩晕为主要症状）患者分为对照组和观察组,每组33例;两组患者均予以常规手法推拿、康复运动治疗,观察组在此基础上采用自拟中药汤剂颈舒汤加减内服联合治疗;分别于治疗前,治疗后3、7、10、14 d对两组患者进行疗效评估,采用视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）、颈性眩晕症状与功能评估量表（evaluation scale cervical vertigo,ESCV）对患者治疗前后疼痛、眩晕症状进行评分。结果 与同组治疗前比较,两组治疗3、7、10、14 d时VAS评分均显著降低（P＜0.05）,ESCV评分均显著增高（P<0.05）;治疗10、14 d时,观察组疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗3、7、10、14 d时,观察组ESCV评分均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组临床疗效优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 颈舒汤加减内服联合推拿康复治疗可有效缓解混合型颈椎病疼痛、眩晕症状,提高患者生活质量。     

试论公安工作的评价

科学的公安工作评价能指导和促进公安工作的进一步发展。当前公安工作评价存在不少问题,有许多负面影响。公安工作的评价应遵循五个基本原则,使用两种评分方法,并构建系统、科学的评价指标体系。