婚内强奸行为的刑法分析

婚内强奸现象由来已久,近来几起案件的不同判决引起了社会关注,遂成为理论热点。从传统意义上看,婚内强奸似符合犯罪构成的“四要件说”,当构成强奸罪。不过,鉴于婚内强奸与一般强奸行为的差异,对婚内强奸行为的认定不应草率以构成要件而论。在现行刑法的分析基础上,充分考虑婚内强奸行为所涉及的具体问题和各方面影响,不宜将该行为认定为强奸罪,也无需修改刑法另设新罪,完全可以在既有罪名体系之下,以虐待或故意伤害视之。     

中国船员涉外人身伤亡救济模式研究

近年来多发的船员涉外人身伤亡案件体现了船员权益保护问题的紧迫性。船员涉外人身伤亡主要分为地点涉外和主体涉外两种,均可以船员国籍和船舶国籍为连接点适用中国法。目前我国调整船员劳动和劳务关系的条文散见于多部法律法规和司法解释,本文以最新船员法规、劳动法规、社会保险法规和2006海事劳工公约为依据,清理诸法头绪,结合海员外派制度,分析得出中国船员涉外人身伤亡主要有工伤保险、保赔保险、商业保险及损害赔偿诉讼四种救济模式,并详细研究各种模式的利弊。     

Further investigations into the speed of cerebral swelling following blunt cranial trauma

An anesthetized sheep model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been developed to assess early changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) following closed head injury. Immediately after TBI, a transient (<10 min) hypertensive response occurred, followed by significant and prolonged systemic hypotension. ICP demonstrated a biphasic response, being seven times baseline values of 8 ± 2 mm Hg 10 min after injury, decreasing to 25 ± 2 mm Hg by 30 min, and then increasing to values exceeding 30 mm Hg by 4 h postinjury. ICP was always significantly higher than baseline values, which combined with hypotension, reduced cerebral perfusion pressure to less than 60% of normal. This early and sustained increase in ICP after craniocerebral trauma acutely alters cerebral perfusion pressure and brain oxygenation and provides a potential pathophysiological explanation for immediate clinical manifestations in humans following significant TBI.     

重型颅脑损伤数字计算ERP特征及与智商的相关性

目的 根据ERP理论和韦氏智力量表内容建立数字计算ERP范式,探讨正常人与重型颅脑损伤患者数字计算ERP特征及与智商的相关性.方法 采用Neuroscan-ERP仪和韦氏智力量表对29名重型颅脑损伤患者(外伤组)和46名正常人(对照组)进行ERP及智商检测,比较引出的ERP成分特征及与智商的相关性.结果 数字计算范式的题目、正确、错误答案3类刺激引出的ERP波形包括外源性成分N1c、P2c及内源性成分N2c和P3c;对照组引出的N1c和P2c波幅和潜伏期相近,但N2c和P3c有明显差异,其中正确答案的P3c波幅最高,错误答案的P3c潜伏期最长;外伤组引出的各ERP成分波幅降低、潜伏期延长,N2c和P3c具有显著性差异(P＜0.05);对照组错误答案引出的P3c潜伏期与言语智商和总智商呈中度负相关,高于题目和正确答案;外伤组P3c潜伏期与言语智商、操作智商和总智商的相关系数分别为-0.64、-0.46和-0.60(P ＜0.05),明显高于对照组.结论 数字计算ERP范式可引出特征性ERP波形,其P3c潜伏期与智商有一定相关性,可作为评价重型颅脑损伤后数学能力损害程度的参考指标.     

无电流斑电击伤的研究进展

无电流斑电击伤的鉴定是法医学中的难点之一,由于缺少明显的体表痕迹,此类案件的鉴定难度较大。国内外学者采用光镜、电镜、原子吸收光谱等仪器,利用组织化学等方法,对无电流斑电击伤进行了大量的研究,笔者在此将相关研究成果进行综述,希望能够为此类案件的鉴定提供一定的依据。     

故意伤害罪新论

由于我国刑法只规定一个伤害故意,因此,当行为人出于轻伤的故意导致他人重伤结果,应当怎样处罚,不仅在刑法理论中没有一个统一的基准,在司法实践中也是见仁见智。实施暴力行为,导致被害人重伤或死亡的,应当属于故意伤害罪的结果加重形态。在故意伤害的情况下,即便有被害者的承诺,由于作为伤害的社会意义并没有变更,因此,不能阻却构成要件的符合性。但是,基于被害者承诺的违法性的阻却,在某种情况下可以成立。阻却违法性的判断,应当根据被害者处分自己身体的安全这一法益,是否具有社会相当性而进行。针对同时伤害的情况,不应认定为共同伤害。     

A proposed dissection procedure for vertebral arteries in forensic pathology

Vertebral artery removing constitutes a significant forensic pathology challenge. Dissection techniques during head-neck autopsy are based on anterior approach, a difficult method, which is unable to assess the transverse part of the artery. This work presents an original and simple method for dissecting vertebral arteries by a posterior approach, opening the vertebroarterial canal through the spinal canal without any special equipment. Once the spinal cord is removed, the transversarium foramens are opened by an internal cut at the pedicle and an external cut at the transverse process. This enables us to visualize vertebral arteries in its entirety. The method improves both the examination of the upper extracranial segment of the vertebral artery and the neuropathological study when arterial injury is suspected. Applying this method routinely is both feasible and useful in suspected cases of vertebral artery trauma and could contribute to assess more precisely the actual incidence of this injury.     

Gender and Injury Risk in Incidents of Assaultive Violence

This study investigates the situational characteristics that determine the presence and severity of injury in incidents of assaultive violence. The analysis uses merged data from the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Supplementary Homicide Reports for the years 1992-2008, in order to model the determinants of victim injury. The analysis includes all incidents of attempted or completed, non-sexual assault against victims 12?years of age or older. Injury severity is classified into one of four possible levels: no injury, minor injury, serious injury (requiring doctor, hospital, or emergency room care), and lethal injury. Special attention is given to the way in which gender modifies the influence of situational elements on the presence and degree of victim injury. While the results suggest that the situational determinants of injury are by and large uniform for male and female victims, important gender differences are observed in the salience of relational distance.     

Assessing the Behavior and Needs of Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury in Washington State Prisons: Establishing a Foundation for Policy,Practice, and Education

Abstract

A growing awareness of justice-involved veterans is revealing how little is known about this population, to what extent they have experienced a traumatic brain injury (TBI), and how this may relate to institutional behavior, participation in programs, and use of institutional resources. The current study identifies the prevalence of incarcerated veterans in Washington State who have experienced a TBI and how a TBI history may affect their prison experience and use of prison resources. The results of our study show that incarcerated veterans in Washington State with a moderate-to-severe TBI are more likely to use medical services, commit violent infractions, be placed in maximum custody (solitary confinement), and less likely to complete vocational and job skills programs. The importance of these findings to policy and practice is discussed.     

In Love with Africa

正IN 2013,Chinese President Xi Jinping recounted a story about a Chinese couple’s fondness for Tanzania in East Africa:"There was once a Chinese couple who,fascinated by images of Africa they had seen on the television,chose to go to Tanzania for their honeymoon.They were enchanted by local customs and extraordinary scenery of the wild Serengeti Plains and fell in love with the country.Back home,the young couple posted a record of their journeys on a blog,which received tens of thousands of hits and hundreds of comments.They said,‘We have fallen in love with Africa and our hearts shall never leave this wonderland."This was Li Ling’s story."I have