An analysis of the effectiveness of the EU data breach notification obligation

In this paper we study the law and economics of the EU data breach notification obligation (EU DBNO), which is part of the general data protection regulation. We start our discussion with the origins and aims of the EU DBNO. Following this, we study the social benefits of the DBNO and the conditions for these social benefits to emerge. Next, we analyse whether there would be spontaneous notification without the existence of a DBNO. We discuss how the national DPAs, that are responsible for the execution of the EU DBNO, can sufficiently induce data controllers to comply with the regulation. We also discuss the scope of the regulation from a social welfare perspective, in particular the conditions, which trigger a notification from data controllers.     

Suicide of an adolescent girl with sodium nitrite ordered on the internet

Nitrites are commonly used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Recently, they have been identified in cases of voluntary intoxication. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl who was found lifeless on her bed next to a glass containing a white powder and a bottle containing a white powder with a moistened appearance. External examination and autopsy revealed a nonspecific asphyxia syndrome, which was confirmed by the pathological analysis. Analysis of the samples revealed metoclopramide in the peripheral blood at a concentration of 0.402 mg/L (LC–HRMS). An analysis of the gastric contents was carried out after sodium nitrite was detected in the powders found near the body (Raman spectrometry). Nitrites were found in the gastric fluid at a concentration of 30.9 mg/L. Death occurred secondary to anoxia, following ingestion of nitrites; suicide kits are available on the web and nitrites are relatively easy to source and inexpensive. Nitrites are delivered in powder form to be dissolved in liquid, which may then be consumed with metoclopramide (or an alternative anti-emetic drug) to maximize absorption and reduce emesis. The toxic effect of nitrites lies in their oxidizing power, causing the transformation of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which, when it accumulates, induces tissue anoxia resulting in death. There has been an alarming increase in the number of cases linked to suicide using nitrites or a nitrite suicide kit. The fact that nitrites are readily available online underscores the importance of establishing effective preventive measures such as limiting the access and use of this chemical.     

Goldeneye~(TM)20A和Sinofiler~(TM)试剂盒的比较研究

目的比较GoldeneyeTM20A和SinofilerTM试剂盒的技术性能指标。方法从灵敏度、杂合等位基因峰高均衡性、耐受性、混合样本检测及等位基因分型结果 5个方面对GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒和SinofilerTM试剂盒进行了比较。结果两种试剂盒的检测灵敏度值均为125pg;两种试剂盒在不同模板量扩增得到的杂合子平均峰高比值相近;GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒对血红素抑制剂的耐受性略好于SinofilerTM试剂盒,当血红素含量为80μmol/L也可以得到完整的分型结果;两种试剂盒对7:1和1:7比例的混合样本都能得到主要与次要成分的完整等位基因分型结果。同一样本两种试剂盒在15个共有基因座上的分型结果完全相同。结论两种试剂盒的性能无明显差别,均能满足检验需要。GodeneyeTM20A试剂盒只需一次检验即可得到19个常染色体STR基因座和1个性别基因座的分型信息,在法庭科学检验和DNA数据库建设中具有较高的应用价值。     

30个InDel位点在华东汉族和畲族人群的法医学应用

目的 评估Investigator（R） DIPplex试剂盒中30个插入/缺失（insertion/deletion,InDel）多态性位点在华东汉族和畲族人群的法医学应用价值.方法 采用Investigator（R） DIPplex试剂盒对华东地区565名汉族和119名畲族无关个体进行分型检测,统计分析30个位点的等位基因频率和群体遗传学参数.结果 在华东汉族人群中平均Ho为0.413 3,平均DP为0.551 1,平均PIC为0.320 0.在畲族人群中平均Ho为0.389 6,平均DP为0.543 3,平均PIC为0.3100.30个位点在汉族、畲族人群中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P＞0.05）.结论 Investigator（R） DIPplex试剂盒包含的30个位点在华东汉族和畲族中多态性良好,在特殊亲权鉴定案件中可作为良好的补充体系.     

OpenLV: Empowering investigators and first-responders in the digital forensics process

The continuing decline in the cost-per-megabyte of hard disk storage has inevitably led to a ballooning volume of data that needs to be reviewed in digital investigations. The result: case backlogs that commonly stretch for months at forensic labs, and per-case processing that occupies days or weeks of analytical effort. Yet speed is critical in situations where delay may render the evidence useless or endanger personal safety, such as when a suspect may flee, a victim is at risk, criminal tactics or control infrastructure may change, etc. In these and other cases, investigators need tools to enable quick triage of computer evidence in order to answer urgent questions, maintain the pace of an investigation and assess the likelihood of acquiring pertinent information from the device.This paper details the design and application of a tool, OpenLV, that not only meets the needs for speedy initial triage, but also can facilitate the review of digital evidence at later stages of investigation. With OpenLV, an investigator can quickly and safely interact with collected evidence, much as if they had sat down at the computer at the time the evidence was collected. Since OpenLV works without modifying the evidence, its use in triage does not preclude subsequent, in-depth forensic analysis. Unlike many popular forensics tools, OpenLV requires little training and facilitates a unprecedented level of interaction with the evidence.