法院受理鉴定结论争议诉讼案的法律思考

司法鉴定中,包括医疗纠纷鉴定在内,当事人对鉴定结论不满意或者有争议的情况非常多见,对此,法律明确规定,如因对鉴定结论有异议向人民法院起诉的,人民法院不予受理。法律之所以这样规定,有着客观上的原因。法院受理了该类案件,最后又予以驳回,也有着自身的原因。为防止这一情况的再次发生,有必要加强公众法律知识的普及,加强法院办案人员的法律理论及职业道德教育。     

205例高坠案件局部机械性损伤与死亡性质关系分析

目的探讨高坠案件中局部机械性损伤行为心理分析与死亡性质的关系,为此类案件的定性提供参考。方法收集2008—2013年高坠死亡案件311例,其中存在高坠难以形成的局部机械性损伤案例205例。对损伤形成特点、现场痕迹、高坠致命伤、文字信息等进行分析。结果 205例中,根据初步现场痕迹、高坠致命伤、文字信息等分析后,明确自杀86例,意外24例,性质不明95例。95例性质不明案例经对局部机械性损伤进行行为心理分析后,认定自杀80例,意外11例,他杀4例。结论高坠难以形成的局部机械性损伤与死亡性质具有关联性,根据局部机械性损伤行为心理分析推断高坠死亡性质基本准确。     

What do forensic analysts consider relevant to their decision making?

In response to research demonstrating that irrelevant contextual information can bias forensic science analyses, authorities have increasingly urged laboratories to limit analysts' access to irrelevant and potentially biasing information (Dror and Cole (2010) [3]; National Academy of Sciences (2009) [18]; President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (2016) [22]; UK Forensic Science Regulator (2015) [26]). However, a great challenge in implementing this reform is determining which information is task-relevant and which is task-irrelevant. In the current study, we surveyed 183 forensic analysts to examine what they consider relevant versus irrelevant in their forensic analyses. Results revealed that analysts generally do not regard information regarding the suspect or victim as essential to their analytic tasks. However, there was significant variability among analysts within and between disciplines. Findings suggest that forensic science disciplines need to agree on what they regard as task-relevant before context management procedures can be properly implemented. The lack of consensus about what is relevant information not only leaves room for biasing information, but also reveals foundational gaps in what analysts consider crucial in forensic decision making.     

对利用网络进行诈骗犯罪的侦查取证问题研究

近年来,伴随着网络普及程度的提高,网络诈骗犯罪亦日趋严重。网络的开放性、不确定性、虚拟性等特点使网络诈骗犯罪的证据更加复杂多变、网络诈骗犯罪的取证更加困难。面对诸多严峻的取证难的现状,在分析其原因后有针对性地提出一些解决网络诈骗犯罪取证难的办法和建议,以期突破网络诈骗案件取证的难题,从而有效地遏制网络诈骗犯罪。     

地方科技进步立法与科技创新规律的协调研究

科技创新对社会的发展起着巨大的促进作用,地方科技立法要促进科技创新的发展必须遵循科技创新规律,符合科技进步的内在要求。但目前地方科技立法与科技创新规律不协调的状况依旧存在,地方科技进步立法须作进一步完善,须充分发挥科技人员的积极性,加大投入,促进科技成果的转化,鼓励可持续创新。     

从“身份”到“场所”——属人法连结点的历史与发展

属人法连结点的发展大约经历了三个历史阶段:古罗马至19世纪是住所地主义形成时期;19世纪至20世纪中叶是国籍原则与住所地主义的并存时期;20世纪中叶至今是属人法连结点的新发展时期。其中,第二个历史阶段的起点并非是国内学界所公认的1804年《法国民法典》,而应是后来的孟西尼学说。国籍原则衰退后,住所的缺陷也逐渐显现出来。在第三个历史阶段,惯常居所替代了住所,成为属人法连结点在当代的新发展。     

社会转型、法制化与法院调解

我国正处于社会转型时期,社会的法化程度不足,依法审判并不尽如人意。由于社会革命和政权建设破坏了传统的地方自治共同体,经济体制改革又瓦解了单位制,使得依赖于共同体和社会性制裁的民间调解难以恢复历史辉煌。经过几十年法制化的浸染,司法权威获得了社会的基本确认。调解与司法两个元素发生耦合,是法院调解在持续萎靡之后又在新世纪复兴的根本原因。但由于司法政策与程序制度之间出现断裂,法院强调调解出现了自我消解的危险趋势。只有继续加强审判制度建设,理清审判与调解的相互关系,并确定二者各自应有的相位,方是利用调解化解纠纷、满足转型时期维护社会稳定的需要,向法治迈进的基本路径。     

草根公益组织发展的困境与对策——“沈阳青春志愿者”个案分析

随着我国公益事业的发展,各类公益组织如雨后春笋般出现。除了部分在国家民政部门注册登记的＂民间组织＂外,还有一类是尚未在任何机构注册、且一直从事公益活动的草根组织。这类组织正逐渐成为推动我国公民社会发展的重要力量。这类组织的出现既是我国经济社会发展的需要,也是公民慈善意识增强的体现。因此,如何解决其发展过程中遇到的问题,已成为摆在我们面前的紧迫任务。     

国际组织法律人格滥用与成员国的责任

长期以来,成员国应否对国际组织的不法行为的后果承担责任,存在较大争议。这一问题不论从理论上押或实践上都涉及国际组织的法律人格问题。从本质上而言,如果国际组织具有独立的法律人格,成员国不应对国际组织的债务承担责任。但存在一些例外情况,在此情况下,必须刺破“国际组织的面纱”,由成员国承担共同或连带责任。关于国际组织的“主要责任”和成员国的“次要责任”赔偿顺序问题,受害国或受害国际组织理应有权自主决定责任国或责任国际组织的先后次序。次要性并不意味着在处理求偿要求方面必须按照时间顺序进行。     

Scale, technique and composition effects in the Mexican agricultural sector: the influence of NAFTA and the institutional environment

More than a decade after NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) entered into force, the environmental effects of agricultural trade liberalization in Mexico are still controversial, emerging, and not fully understood. This paper contributes to the literature that aims to explore trends in input use in the agricultural sector in Mexico during the post-NAFTA period among both commercial/industrial and traditional/rainfed farmers, and examines the influence of the national and multilateral institutional framework on these outcomes. We decompose the post-NAFTA agricultural production data into scale, technique and composition effects to estimate the impact that trade liberalization has had on the use of fertilizer and land use, two key agricultural inputs for which reliable aggregate data is available. We conclude that among commercial farmers patterns of crop type specialization and significant technological improvements have led to some declines in fertilizer use but they have been offset by growth in fertilizer use associated with growing agricultural output. Among traditional farmers increased output and specialization in land-intensive grain crops are contributing to an increase in land under cultivation and technological improvements show the potential, but not yet not the strength, to counteract these effects. We analyse the environmental institutional framework and rural development plans, observing that institutional weaknesses have, in several instances, reduced the environmental benefit of technique and composition effects. We conclude with recommendations about how the Mexican agricultural sector might reap the environmental benefits of international agricultural trade.