Diversity of 17-locus Y-STR haplotypes in Upper (Southern) Egyptians

Seventeen Y-STR loci included in the AmpF?STR^® Yfiler™ PCR Amplification kit were typed in a population sample of 208 males from Upper (South) Egypt. Of 204 observed haplotypes, 200 were unique (96.6%) and 4 were found twice each. The 17 loci gave a discriminating power of 0.9998. DYS458 showed the highest diversity as a single-locus marker (h = 0.868) along with a high frequency of microvariants and new alleles (22% of the sample). Other loci revealed duplicated and null alleles. Comparative analysis with Y-STR datasets of relevant populations and submission of the haplotypes to the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) were undertaken.     

Mechanism of Death in Hanging: A Historical Review of the Evolution of Pathophysiological Hypotheses

Abstract: In cases of hanging, the exact mechanism leading to death has yet to be elucidated. Most of our contemporary knowledge is still based on writings from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. This article reviews the historic experiments that shaped our current theories. Medico‐legal textbooks written in English and French from 1870 to 1930 were reviewed. Various animals, such as rabbits, mice, and dogs, have been used to develop animal models of hanging. Limited human studies on cadavers and judicial hangings have provided some additional insight into the pathophysiology of death by hanging. The main pathophysiological theories described were respiratory asphyxia, interruption to cerebral blood flow because of occlusion of vessels in the neck, and cardiac inhibition secondary to nerve stimulation. The relative contributions of each of these theories to death in cases of hanging is still debated today.     

犊牛血清对高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒增殖及其活疫苗的影响

为了研究在同一培养条件下,不同含量犊牛血清(FCS)对高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)JXA1-R株病毒含量的影响,以及用其生产的疫苗质量、免疫效果的变化情况,采用4个不同含量的FCS对HP-PRRSV JXA1-R株进行了繁殖,并测定病毒毒价及疫苗样品的效价,监测免疫猪的体温变化,用ELISA方法检测免疫猪PRRSV特异性抗体水平。结果显示,用15～30mL/L犊牛血清培养的病毒的含量没有较大变化,但是随血清含量的增加而略有增高。样品疫苗的病毒含量没有明显变化,但是在免疫后测温过程中发现,血清含量高的样品疫苗在接种后第2～4天体温有短暂的高温波动,随后正常。采血检测抗体发现,血清含量高的样品疫苗产生的抗体也早3～5d。本试验结果可以为HP-PRRSV的培养及疫苗工艺的改进提供有效的参考数据。     

PRRSV间接免疫荧光检测法的建立和应用

以猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV) ATCC VR 2332 株人工单独感染3 头3 周龄仔猪,并用PRRSV ATCC VR 2332株和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)联合感染2 头3 周龄仔猪,每日检查试验猪体温、采食情况及临床表现,并用HerdChek IDEXX 试剂盒测其血清抗体。PRRSV PCV2联合感染猪分别在感染后1、3周剖杀,PRRSV单独感染猪和健康对照猪分别在感染后1、2和3周剖杀,对全部试验猪的肺组织进行灌洗处理以获得肺泡巨噬细胞(PAM),用PAM进行抹片,同时用肺组织直接进行触片做间接免疫荧光(IIF)检测。结果表明,用所获得的3 株单克隆抗体均检测到人工感染猪肺组织中的PRRSV抗原。另外,用IIF检测7 头临床疑似PRRS病猪的PAM抹片,其中沭阳县的2头猪呈现阳性反应;对这2头猪的肺组织进行病毒分离,在盲传到第4代时Marc 145细胞上产生明显的细胞病变,进一步证实用所获得的3株单克隆抗体检测临床样品的结果准确而可靠,且获得的3株单克隆抗体均可通过IIF用于检测猪肺组织中的PRRSV抗原。     

Anomalous Anterior Papillary Muscle as an Autopsy Finding in Two Cases

Anomaly in the anterior papillary muscle (APM) is known to cause left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, and this rare congenital condition could be a cause of sudden cardiac death. This anomaly and its hemodynamic effects is similar to valvular heart disease. In our two described cases, in which cause of death was, respectively, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and suicide by hanging, the cephalad portion of the left APM was inserted directly into the ventricular surface of the anterior mitral leaflet and chordae tendineae were absent in the area of the direct anomalous muscle insertion; the aberrant papillary muscle was very large and showed an exaggerated anterior displacement within the left ventricular cavity. The described anomaly is a cause of LVOT obstruction. This condition is considered to be rare, although incidence estimates do not exist. In the absence of other possible causes, this finding may indicate arrhythmia as being the immediate cause of death.     

Fat embolism syndrome associated with atraumatic compartment syndrome of the bilateral upper extremities: An unreported etiology

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a potentially life-threatening condition that develops when fat embolism leads to clinical symptoms and multisystem dysfunction. The classic triad of respiratory distress, neurologic symptoms, and petechial rash are non-specific, and the lack of specific laboratory tests makes the diagnosis of FES difficult. Although FES is most common after long bone fractures, multiple conditions some of which are atraumatic have been associated with the development of FES. We report a case of FES that occurred in the setting of a non-traumatic compartment syndrome of the upper extremities. The pathologic and clinical findings, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and pathologic methods to properly diagnose FES are discussed with a review of the relevant literature. This case highlights the importance of the autopsy in making a diagnosis of FES in cases where death could otherwise be incorrectly attributed to multi-organ system failure, shock, or sepsis.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异株实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)变异株和经典毒株的序列差异,分别设计了1对特异性鉴别引物和1条TaqMan探针,建立了检测PRRSV变异株的荧光定量RT-PCR方法,并对该方法进行了特异性、敏感性、重复性试验。结果表明,建立的方法可鉴别诊断PRRSV变异株和经典毒株,具有较高的特异性;可以检测相当于1TCID50的病毒模板,比常规RT-PCR方法的灵敏度高100倍;对同一样品进行4次重复试验,变异系数(CV)<10%,具有较好的重复性。应用建立的荧光定量RT-PCR和常规RT-PCR对13份PRRS疑似病例肺组织进行平行检测,结果荧光定量RT-PCR检出11份阳性,高于常规RT-PCR方法。本研究建立的荧光定量RT-PCR方法能检测高致病性PRRSV变异株,不仅特异性好、灵敏度高,而且快速简便,可用于变异PRRSV的临床诊断和流行病学调查。     

2004-2010年浙江省及其周边地区PRRSV GP5基因的分子进化与变异分析

用RT-PCR方法对分离自浙江省及其周边地区部分猪场的50个猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)毒株和3个疫苗毒株的GP5基因进行了扩增、克隆和序列分析,并与国内外的代表性毒株进行了序列比对。结果表明,2004-2010年检测的PRRSV毒株均属于美洲型,大部分毒株属于亚群1,各毒株间的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别在81.6%～100%和72.1%～99.5%之间,浙江省及其周边地区亚群1毒株与我国最早分离到的美洲型毒株CH-1a的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为84.5%～95.7%和78.6%～95.0%,与疫苗株的核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为88.1%～99.2%和85.4%～99.0%。糖基化位点以及抗原表位都有一定程度上的变异。     

益肾清热通淋法治疗中老年女性尿路感染的疗效分析

目的 观察益肾清热通淋法对肾虚湿热型中老年女性尿路感染的临床疗效。方法 将90例肾虚湿热型中老年女性尿路感染患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组45例。对照组给予敏感抗生素规范治疗,2周后改为口服低剂量抗生素再治疗4周;治疗组给予敏感抗生素规范治疗2周后停用,同时给予益肾清热通淋汤口服。两组总疗程均为6周。观察两组患者中医证候积分变化,并检测尿细菌学、尿常规、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群（CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+）,治疗结束后随访6个月观察尿路感染复发情况。结果 治疗组患者的中医证候疗效显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组患者的尿白细胞计数恢复正常时间和6个月内尿路感染复发次数均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组患者治疗后外周血CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均较治疗前显著提高,且治疗前后CD4+、CD4+/CD8+差值显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 中医益肾清热通淋法能有效改善肾虚湿热型中老年女性尿路感染患者的临床症状,控制病情进展,其作用机制与改善患者细胞免疫功能有关。     

防己黄芪汤对大鼠膀胱过度活动症的防治作用

目的 观察防己黄芪汤对大鼠膀胱过度活动症的防治作用。方法 ①选取雌性SD大鼠90只,随机取15只为假手术组,其余75只随机均分为模型组（复制逼尿肌不稳定（detrusor instability, DI）模型）,托特罗定组（0.5 mg/kg),防己黄芪汤高、中、低剂量组（分别为10、5、2.5 g/kg）,缩窄近端尿道出口,模型复制第3周开始给药,连续4周。末次给药后测定尿动力学参数,计算膀胱指数,并观察膀胱组织形态学变化。②复制体外膀胱逼尿肌过度活动模型,观察防己黄芪汤对其收缩活动的影响。结果 DI模型大鼠的排尿间隔时间显著缩短（P<0.01）,排尿点压、排尿压峰值、膀胱指数显著升高（P<0.01）,残余尿量明显增多（P<0.01）;膀胱发生明显的病理性改变。防己黄芪汤高、中剂量组和托特罗定组大鼠排尿间隔时间显著延长（P<0.05,或P<0.01）,排尿点压和排尿压峰值降低（P<0.01）,膀胱的残余尿量显著减少（P<0.01）;防己黄芪汤高剂量组和托特罗定组膀胱指数显著降低（P<0.05）,膀胱病变程度减轻。0.2 mol/L KCl溶液能显著增加正常大鼠逼尿肌的收缩频率和张力（P<0.01）,托特罗定(10-8 mmol/L)、防己黄芪汤（10、20、40 g/L）对KCl引起的逼尿肌收缩频率和张力的增加均有明显抑制作用。结论 防己黄芪汤可以改善DI大鼠的下尿路症状,可能是通过调节膀胱逼尿肌和尿道平滑肌的舒缩而发挥作用。