Arrest and the Amplification of Deviance: Does Gang Membership Moderate the Relationship?

Although research has found that gang suppression efforts are largely ineffective, these policies have been responsible for the arrests of many gang youth. Prior research indicates that arrest is associated with deleterious consequences, but we know less about how arrest uniquely affects gang members. Using longitudinal data from a school-based sample, this study explores the effects of arrest for both gang and nongang youth. Propensity score matching and matched outcome analyses allow us to determine whether gang membership moderates the effect of arrest on later deviant outcomes. Our results indicate that the consequences of arrest are inconsistent with the goals of suppression tactics, with gang members reporting little to no change in deviant attitudes and peers and modest increases in delinquency. Meanwhile, nongang youth experience a range of consequences associated with arrest, including increased odds of gang-joining.     

黑社会性质组织犯罪证据收集若干问题探讨

在侦办黑社会性质组织犯罪案件中,侦查部门应及时发现和广泛开辟黑社会性质组织犯罪案件线索;对收集到的涉黑线索进行筛选、整合,作出符合情理的分析、推理,有策略地开展侦查,严密组织抓捕行动;特别注意树立协同意识,多部门紧密协调、配合,加大追逃力度。     

论黑社会性质组织“保护伞”的形成原因及方式

打击黑社会性质组织,剪除黑社会性质组织"保护伞"必须明晰黑社会性质组织"保护伞"的形成原因及方式。人性恶、理性经济人行为、社会结构性紧张与需求层次是深层次原因,而公务人员的自律能力不高、道德可责性下降、行为风险小、公司作为官黑勾结的便利平台、权力监督机制不健全是直接原因;收买式、渗透式、胁迫式是其形成方式。     

包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪若干疑难问题研究

笔者认为,作为包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪的主体的国家机关工作人员必须为非所包庇、纵容的黑社会性质组织的成员.作为纵容黑社会性质组织罪的主体的国家机关工作人员还要求有从事查禁和惩处犯罪、进行诉讼等特定职能活动的国家机关工作人员的特定身份."包庇"的含义应依据最高人民法院的司法解释确定.包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪的行为对象是黑社会性质组织.行为人对行为对象黑社会性质组织的认识前后不一致时,应分别认定.     

Streetwork at the crossroads: An evaluation of a street gang outreach intervention and holistic appraisal of the research evidence

Spurred by the success of public health violence interventions, and accelerated by policy pressure to reduce violence without exacerbating overpolicing and mass incarceration, streetwork programs—those that provide anti-violence services by neighborhood-based workers who perform their work beyond the walls of parochial institutions—have positioned themselves as the most important non–law-enforcement violence prevention option available to urban policy makers. Yet despite their importance, the state of the field seems difficult to interpret for academics and practitioners alike. In this article, we make several contributions that bring forth new findings and deliver new perspectives on streetwork as a violence reduction strategy. First, we offer an extended analytic review of the streetwork evaluation literature that connects the study of contemporary public health violence interventions to a preceding tradition of criminologically inspired streetwork studies. Second, we present the results of an impact evaluation of StreetSafe Boston (SSB)—a multiyear streetwork intervention that served 20 Boston gangs. We find that the SSB intervention had no detectable effect on violence among the gangs that it served. We conclude by offering a framework for understanding a field at multiple crossroads: past and present, proclaimed successes and failures, help and harm.     

现代思想的抉择——新儒家与自由主义之争

20世纪50年代,台湾思想界爆发了一场以殷海光为代表的自由主义与以徐复观、牟宗三等人为代表的新儒家之间的激烈论战,新儒家试图以复兴儒学的方式从中国传统文化内部开出现代民主的良方,而自由主义的一方则选择了新。这场论战既可以看做是五四启蒙思想与中国传统文化的冲突的延续,同借助于对自由民主理念的积极推行以促成中国民主宪政的政治格局的彻底革时也直接影响了此后台湾文化发展的基本取向。     

外来农民团伙性犯罪探析

外来农民团伙性侵财犯罪是近几年出现的一个新的犯罪苗头,其区域性、流窜性、专业性、职业化的特征值得引起重视。目前此类犯罪大有重化、高发的趋势,在一定程度上影响了社会的稳定和经济的发展。文章结合该类犯罪,联系近年来打掉的外来农民犯罪团伙,深入进行了剖析,从多个层面客观地审视新形势下社会管理和公安工作,力求为打击防范该类犯罪提供更多的借鉴和思考。     

对网络涉警啸聚事件的考证

＂网络游行时代＂,草根阶层在对涉警负面事件表达态度和倾向时,往往自发地啸聚于网络街头,掀起舆论狂潮。受网络技术和公众道德水平的限制和制约,网络草根啸聚游走在＂民意表达＂与＂民意裹胁＂之间,成为影响当今社会的一把＂双刃剑＂。一方面,它有利于社会压力的释放和缓解,有助于社会在动态中保持和谐与平衡;另一方面,它又是社会矛盾激化的刺激因素,极易诱发现实社会中群体性事件的发生。     

论少年帮伙犯罪的社会预防

在当前日益严峻的少年犯罪形势中,帮伙犯罪尤为突出。应当加强对少年帮伙犯罪的研究,通过向少年及其家庭提供支持、以立法形式明确教师惩戒权、整治文化环境中的暴力资讯、加强社区内娱乐场所的管理、阻断帮派对社区和校园的入侵以及转化未成年人脱离不良帮伙等措施,有效预防少年帮伙犯罪的发生。     

Racial and Ethnic Heterogeneity,Economic Disadvantage,and Gangs: A Macro‐Level Study of Gang Membership in Urban America

There is a lack of macro‐level gang research. The present study addresses this shortcoming by providing a theoretically informed analysis of gang membership in large US cities. More specifically, our goal is to determine whether racial and ethnic heterogeneity conditions the relationship between economic disadvantage and gang membership. Three separate sources of data are used in this study: U.S. Census 2000, Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Services 2000, and National Youth Gang Survey 2002–2006. A series of weighted least‐squares regression models are estimated, finding that both economic disadvantage and racial and ethnic heterogeneity exhibit independent and additive effects on gang membership. In addition, the results show that racial and ethnic heterogeneity has a conditioning relationship with economic disadvantage. Furthermore, our expanded operationalization of the Blau heterogeneity measure indicates that prior research may have underestimated the effects of heterogeneity. The authors discuss these findings in the context of existing gang research and offer directions for future research.