普通话水平测试的次轻音问题

2004年1月《普通话水平测试实施纲要》中出现“一般轻读、间或重读的音节”,却并未对此进行解释和说明,这给测试员的评分带来了操作上的难度。本文就次轻音与轻声的关系、确定次轻音的依据及测试中如何把握次轻音等问题进行了探讨,以供同行参考。     

固相萃取同时提取尿中的39种药毒物

目的建立固相萃取方法同时提取尿中的39种药毒物并用高效液相色谱法进行分析。方法以多沙普仑为内标,1ml尿样经Oasis小柱固相萃取,用HPLC进行分析。结果39种药毒物可同时从尿中提出,内源性物质不干扰测定。其绝对回收率除吗啡外均大于70％;天内及天间精密度均小于10％;检测限1-15ng／ml;线性相关系数在0.9977以上。结论本法快速、简便、重现性好,空白干扰小,可用于实际案例的药物毒物筛选。     

劝导说服在司法心理测试中的应用

司法心理测试应用于刑事侦查时,其最终目的是了解案件的事实真相。心理测试员应根据被测人的心理各不相同的特点,采用同情理解法、激励法、推托罪责法、减轻精神负担法、连累亲人法、摆脱困境法等不同的劝导说服法,来影响被测人说出真情。     

Validated method for the simultaneous determination of Δ-THC and Δ-THC-COOH in oral fluid, urine and whole blood using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization

A fully validated, sensitive and specific method for the extraction and quantification of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁹-THC (THC-COOH) and for the detection of 11-hydroxy-Δ⁹-THC (11-OH THC) in oral fluid, urine and whole blood is presented. Solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) technique were used, with electrospray ionization. Three ions were monitored for THC and THC-COOH and two for 11-OH THC. The compounds were quantified by selected ion recording of m/z 315.31, 329.18 and 343.16 for THC, 11-OH THC and THC-COOH, respectively, and m/z 318.27 and 346.26 for the deuterated internal standards, THC-d₃ and THC-COOH-d₃, respectively. The method proved to be precise for THC and THC-COOH both in terms of intra-day and inter-day analysis, with intra-day coefficients of variation (CV) less than 6.3, 6.6 and 6.5% for THC in saliva, urine and blood, respectively, and 6.8 and 7.7% for THC-COOH in urine and blood, respectively. Day-to-day CVs were less than 3.5, 4.9 and 11.3% for THC in saliva, urine and blood, respectively, and 6.2 and 6.4% for THC-COOH in urine and blood, respectively. Limits of detection (LOD) were 2 ng/mL for THC in oral fluid and 0.5 ng/mL for THC and THC-COOH and 20 ng/mL for 11-OH THC, in urine and blood. Calibration curves showed a linear relationship for THC and THC-COOH in all samples (r² > 0.999) within the range investigated.The procedure presented here has high specificity, selectivity and sensitivity. It can be regarded as an alternative method to GC–MS for the confirmation of positive immunoassay test results, and can be used as a suitable analytical tool for the quantification of THC and THC-COOH in oral fluid, urine and/or blood samples.     

听觉诱发电位及其法医学应用价值

当一定强度的声音刺激听觉器官时,听觉系统会发生一系列的电活动,这些电活动被称为听觉诱发电位(AEP)。根据听觉诱发电位潜伏期的长短,可将其分为短、中、长潜伏期诱发电位。不同潜伏期听觉诱发电位反映听觉神经通路不同部位的脑功能活动,在法医学鉴定中可以用于听功能与听觉通路病变的客观评定。本文综述了不同听觉诱发电位产生的机制、特征及其在法医学上的应用价值。     

Motor vehicle accident with complete loss of consciousness due to vasovagal syncope

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is one of the most common causes of complete or partial loss of consciousness, thus it might cause harm to the patients themselves or innocent bystanders while driving a car. In our case report we introduce the case of a 60-year-old man who was admitted to hospital after a serious motor vehicle accident due to loss of consciousness. We demonstrate the process and results of complete cardiologic and neurological assessment. Our case report illustrates the importance of recognition of patients with a high risk for incapacitating symptoms due to VVS, and the use of head-up tilt-table tests to determine the diagnosis and to guide therapy with beta-blocking agents. As transient loss of consciousness during driving may cause potentially fatal accident, it has to be taken into consideration during decision making for issue of driving licenses to patients with VVS.     

钥匙检验在侦破案件中的应用

钥匙是目前刑事案件现场中较为常见的一种痕迹物证 ,对于钥匙的检验成功与否往往直接关系到案件的侦破。文章通过对原配钥匙、后配钥匙、被增配后原钥匙的痕迹特征的论述 ,指出了钥匙检验的内容和方法 ,并运用实际案例进行了验证 ,同时提出了钥匙检验中需注意的几个问题。     

审视与瞻望：心理学的三大测验技术

问卷测验、投射测验及情境测验是心理学中齐名的三大测验技术。问卷技术虽然被普遍使用，但在西方早就遭到批评：“系统歪曲假设”的观点认为它得到的结果是行为的语义相关，并非真实行为本身；“好恶度倾向”观点认为在问卷测验中被试往往不是按主试的要求和真实情况回答。问卷测验无法解决“装好”、“装病”倾向、随机作答等问题，它普遍适合于西方化，是否普遍适合于中国化是个问题。投射技术因对心理诊断相对不重视而衰退。情境测验所设计的特定情境只能评价到特定的心理特质，并且要花费大量的人力、物力、财力和时间。在心理学的应用中综合各种技术是一大趋势。同时，开发具有较好效度的投射技术是一种很有应用前景的课题。     

莱蒙检验(Lemon Test)——美国司法处理政教分离案件的一个标准

莱蒙检验产生与发展有美国宗教自由与制定法作为背景。它是美国联邦最高法院于1971年所确立的解决政教分离案件的一个三步走的检验标准。莱蒙检验在联邦法院审理的政教分离案件中成为首要标准,但其适用呈现出混乱的局面。就解决政教分离案件的模式来说,兼顾经验与理性的判例法是人类目前的最佳选择。     

论犯罪知情测试相关项目的有效性

犯罪心理测试技术中的犯罪知情测试(GKT)法对测试条件有较高要求,主要是保障测试相关项目的有效性。实践中影响CKT测试相关项目有效性的因素有很多,测试人员应当认真分析案件材料,排除干扰因素的影响,选准有效相关项目,并做好测试中的校正与评估,确保测试结论的可靠性。