抢劫过程中犯罪人与被害人之间的互动——基于行为主义环形模型的视角

以往对于犯罪人与被害人之间互动关系研究多限于静态化的几类互动模式的介绍与阐述,缺少对犯罪具体情境中犯罪人与被害人在行为上和情绪上的动态人际交往过程的考量。以心理学行为主义流派中的环形模型为研究视角,从抢劫犯罪人与被害人的具体行为入手,将抢劫过程中双方的互动关系置于环形模型中进行定量研究,可以实现将抢劫过程中的具体行为类型化,并在此基础上预测抢劫犯罪人的后续行为。从被害预防角度来说,正确地认识并预测犯罪人的行为,有利于被害人在遭遇侵害时及时采取正确的自救措施。     

见义勇为的法律救济

见义勇为是中华民族的宝贵精神财富,对于维护社会稳定、弘扬社会正气、遏制违法犯罪、提升全社会的道德水平具有巨大的积极意义。构建全面保障见义勇为的法律体系能够极大地弘扬传统美德,推进和谐社会建设。当前我国的法律已为见义勇为提供了一系列保障与救济途径,但由其立法位阶与视角的局限导致现实运用的疏漏与缺陷。应全面分析我国见义勇为法律保障现状,要构建全面保障见义勇为的法律救济机制应当在适当时机实现统一立法,由政府主导救助见义勇为人员,社会保障制度提供全面救济,并建立完善的救助基金体系。     

Unlikely Fissures and Uneasy Resonances: Lesbian Co-mothers,Surrogate Parenthood and Fathers’ Rights

This article explores commonalities between parental claims for lesbian co-mothers and other contexts in which intention is a key aspect to family formation for (mostly) heterosexual families: in particular, surrogacy and pre-birth disputes over embryos. Through a series of case studies drawn from recent reproductive controversies, the paper uses the lens of empathy to argue for social or non-genetic modes of parenthood connecting lesbian mothers and other ‘reproductive outsiders’.

论被害人被害后心理及其救助

本文从被害人被害后心理的内涵出发,探讨被害人被害后几种常见的心理表现,并有针对性地提出被害人被害后的心理救助措施,旨在于帮助被害人建立有效心理防范机制,以期更好保护被害人的权益。     

Non-Sexual Delinquency in Juvenile Sexual Offenders: The Mediating and Moderating Influences of Emotional Empathy

The theoretical linkage of empathy to sexually aggressive and antisocial behavior is reviewed, and assessment conducted on the role of emotional empathy in the non-sexual delinquent behavior of juvenile sexual offenders. In examination of developmental antecedents of empathy, self-reported parental attachment and positive fathering experiences were found to be positively associated with emotional empathy, while reported exposure to violence against females was inversely related. As hypothesized, emotional empathy was found to have both mediating and moderating influences on risk of engagement in non-sexual delinquency. Emotional empathy was found to be negatively associated with non-sexual delinquency and to partially mediate the positive influences of exposure to violence against females and hostile masculinity. Emotional empathy was also found to function as a moderator of hostile masculinity, with high empathy levels associated with an attenuated positive effect of hostile masculinity on non-sexual delinquency, and low levels with an accentuated effect. Possible mechanisms for this moderating influence are discussed, along with clinical implications of the findings and directions for future research.     

THE EFFECT OF VICTIM IMPACT PANELS ON DUI REARREST RATES: A FIVE‐YEAR FOLLOW‐UP*

Victim Impact Panels (VIPs) were introduced by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) in 1982 and have since spread throughout the United States in an attempt to reduce drunk driving. The objective of a VIP is to expose DUI offenders to the pain and suffering caused by drunk driving without necessarily condemning the DUI offender. The few scientific evaluations of the effectiveness of VIPs have produced mixed results. The present investigation draws on evidence from a quasi‐experimental design and a five‐year follow‐up to probe further the effects of VIPs on DUI recidivism. Results show that 33.5% of the comparison group, but only 15.8% of the VIP group, were rearrested over the five‐year period. Discrete‐time event history analyses suggest that VIPs are associated with a 55.7% overall decrease in the hazard of rearrest; the VIP effect is strong in the first two years but then wanes dramatically. Methodological threats stemming from the study's design are considered. The implications of the differing styles of VIP and the resultant outcomes are also discussed.     

犯罪动机的现场转化与被害人对策

在犯罪实施过程中,犯罪动机受外界情境等因素影响可能发生现场转化,其包括恶性转化和良性转化。被害人在犯罪现场的积极应对,可以促使犯罪人的犯罪动机向着良性方向转化,进而弱化甚至放弃犯罪行为,使被害人免受或者少受伤害,从而达到控制犯罪、预防被害的目的。     

抢劫犯罪的被害预防

被害预防是以被害人为中心的、对各种致害因素的预防。它突破了传统的预防思路,对于加强预防犯罪工作、减少和控制抢劫犯罪具有重要的意义。     

专利侵权行为犯罪化的边缘性审视

专利领域由刑法规制的犯罪目前只有假冒他人专利罪,更为常见的侵犯专利权人独占实施权的行为一直被置于民事救济和行政救济的保护下,专利侵权行为犯罪化的问题值得探讨。以犯罪圈的划定、被害人的权益保护和刑事政策的指导为视角来进行专利侵权犯罪化的边缘性审视,应限制性地设置侵犯专利罪,将情节严重的专利侵权行为纳入刑法的规制。     

The association between the offender–victim relationship,severity of offence and attribution of blame in mentally disordered offenders

Abstract

The aim of this research was to investigate the association between the offender–victim relationship, severity of violence and attribution of blame for a violent act. Data were collected from 65 male psychiatric inpatients from two secure units. Participants were divided into three groups according to how well they knew their victim: victim well-known, victim acquaintance and victim stranger. Violent acts were further ranked according to offence severity. Participants were administered the Quick Test (QT) and the Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory (GBAI). Although there was a trend towards higher guilt attributions when the victim was well-known to the perpetrator, this relationship was complicated by the severity of the violent act. The most severe ranking of offence (i.e. murder/manslaughter) was most common in the offender group who knew their victim well. Furthermore, guilt-feeling attributions were highest in the most severe ranking of offence. The implications of these findings for assessment and intervention programmes are considered.