Regulation of assisted conception services in Europe: Implications of the new reproductive technologies for 'the family'

In this paper we attempt to draw attention to the widespread variation in legislation and regulation of assisted conception services throughout Europe and the implications that this may have for what is understood as 'a family'. At present, access to assisted conception services appears to rely on a 'traditional' notion of the family with the consequence that large numbers of potential service users are excluded. We believe that the existing state of assisted conception legislation already demonstrates a turn to the postmodern. This paper aims to make this turn to the postmodern more explicit and take it further towards what we argue is its inevitable conclusion. It is argued that a postmodern approach should benefit both assisted conception service providers and, perhaps more importantly, service users through an emphasis on localized knowledge, acceptance of difference and 'otherness', and a recognition of the complexity and ambiguity of human behaviour.     

上海服务业的发展轨迹与新态势——以城市功能变迁为视角

城市功能的变迁与城市产业的发展相辅相成。上个世纪二三十年代,上海服务业高度繁荣,成就了上海"多功能经济中心"的地位。建国后很长一段时期,片面强调工业生产的城市功能定位,决定了城市产业发展的方向,上海服务业处于不断萎缩之中。改革开放后随着产业发展和城市发展的内在规律越来越受到尊重,上海城市功能再次向多元化方向变迁,服务业发展迎来新的契机,再度兴起。近年来,世界经济面临深度调整,国内经济在发展到一定阶段后增长方式面临转变,提高全球资源配置能力成为对上海城市功能在能级上的新要求,对应这种形势,上海的服务业发展也出现了一些新的态势。     

刑事和解实务的经济分析

我国新《刑事诉讼法》以立法的形式明确了刑事和解的基本程序和要求，为多年来司法实践中广泛开展的刑事和解工作提供了法律依据。刑事和解在贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策、创建和谐社会等方面有着重要的意义，同时其符合刑法民法化，构建多元纠纷解决机制等现代司法改革发展的方向。但实践中刑事和解开展更多是符合“成本收益”计算的经济学规律，我们应当充分认识和解过程中的经济运行原理，从而更有效地运用好刑事和解，使其为社会创造更多“福利”。     

“恢复性”的背后——恢复性司法的法理学批判

恢复性司法研究始于1970年代,目前已经在很多国家和地区展开了试点。它的起源带有基督教的宗教因素,其正义观带有自然法的色彩;并且,恢复性司法受1970年代西方被害人运动的推动,具有后现代主义法学的"解构"特征。本质上说,恢复性司法是"非法治"的,它是西方市民运动的产物,是对传统刑事司法的颠覆。对于中国这样一个市民社会还不发达,而且复仇主义和暴力文化具有悠久历史的国家而言,引入恢复性司法的可行性是值得商榷的。     

Detention under the Mental Health Act: balancing rights,risks and needs for services

Mental health law has to balance considerations of both justice, and health and welfare. In the political climate of the 1990s mental health services have become targeted on those with serious mental illness, to address the objectives of containing risks and limiting service expenditure. This paper identifies that increasing rates of detention under the Mental Health Act through the 1990s in a particular region, disproportionately involve longer-term detentions (under section 3), men, and people with serious mental illnesses. Those detained are likely to experience social difficulties. Changes in legislation are imminent, and the paper concludes that thought should be given to the amount of statutory intervention in the lives of seriously mentally ill people, and to the principle of reciprocity in relation to those coerced for lesser periods. Services should seek to address the issues of social exclusion which are reflected in the circumstances of those detained.     

已知被害人研究对命案性质的解析

在命案的侦破过程中,确定案件性质往往是侦破工作的首要环节,而对已知被害人相关信息的研究在命案定性中不可忽略。通过对已知被害人的自然属性、社会属性及被害人最后活动情况等的调查分析,能够为命案定性提供切实依据,从而带动整个命案侦破工作的后续活动。     

论完善庭审中公诉案件被害人的权利保护

我国现行立法对公诉案件被害人在庭审中权利保护的缺陷,使公诉案件被害人参与法庭审判的积极性不高,制约了公诉案件被害人参与庭审的作用。所以应在立法中赋予公诉案件被害人在庭审中的量刑建议权;采取相应措施使公诉案件被害人在庭审中免受第二次伤害;承认其与公诉人辩论的权利以及完善公诉案件被害人法定代理人及其委托的诉讼代理人的权利等。     

基于制造业基础的现代生产者服务业发展

现代生产者服务业的发展不能脱离现有的制造业发展的基础。只有以制造业为基础并与制造业联动来推进现代生产者服务业发展的经济政策才是切实可行的。这是因为,现代生产者服务业脱胎于制造业母体;现代生产者服务业是制造业的心脏、脑袋和起飞的翅膀;制造业与现代生产者服务业在空间上具有协同定位的效应。     

浅议“违宪”的慎用

违宪，一般指违反宪法的行为。四川两位律师认为《娱乐场所管理条例》禁止四类人从业于娱乐场所属违宪之结论经不起推敲，有使“违宪”泛化之嫌疑，同时又曲解了宪法与部门法及行政法规的关系，误解了我国以宪法为主导地位的法律体系所蕴含的“一般情况下，法无明文禁止均可行”的内在精神。在任何情况下，对违宪都应当慎重使用。     

中国和东盟五国服务贸易竞争力比较分析

随着<中国-东盟自由贸易区服务贸易协议>的实施,中国和东盟各国将逐步减少服务业准入限制,扩大服务部门的对外开放.因各成员国国服务贸易竞争力存在差异,该进程对各国影响必利弊互现.因此,各成员国应根据本国服务贸易竞争力现状,确定服务业自由化进程,以顺利实施<协议>.鉴于此,本文通过比较分析中国和东盟五国服务贸易国际竞争力及其影响因素,为中国具体实施该<协议>和进行后续谈判提供政策建议.