Biometric Security and Privacy Using Smart Identity Management and Interoperability: Validation and Vulnerabilities of Various Techniques

The central position of this article is that validation and interoperability are paramount for the effective and ethical use of biometrics. Illuminating the relevance for policymakers of the science underlying the security and privacy aspects of biometrics, this article calls for adequate and enforceable performance metrics that can be independently corroborated. Accordingly, the article considers biometrics and forensics for the dual challenges of addressing security and privacy using smart identity management. The discussion revolves around the concepts of “personally identifiable information” (PII) and interoperability with emphasis on quantitative performance analysis and validation for uncontrolled operational settings, variable demographics, and distributed and federated operations. Validation metrics includes expected rates of identification/misidentification, precision, and recall. The complementary concepts of identity and anonymity are addressed in terms of expected performance, functionality, law and ethics, forensics, and statistical learning. Biometrics encompasses appearance, behavior, and cognitive state or intent. Modes of deployment and performance evaluation for biometrics are detailed, with operational and adversarial challenges for both security and privacy described in terms of trustworthiness, vulnerabilities, functional creep, and feasibility of safeguards. The article underscores how lack of interoperability is mostly due to overfitting and tuning to well‐controlled settings, so that validation merely confirms “teaching to the test” rather than preparation for real‐world deployment. Most important for validation is reproducibility of results including full information on the experimental design used, that forensic exclusion is allowed, and that scientific methods for performance evaluation are followed. The article concludes with expected developments regarding technology use and advancements that bear on security and privacy, including data streams and video, de‐anonymization and reidentification, social media analytics and cyber security, and smart camera networks and surveillance.     

浅析监控视频鉴定

视频监控技术在安防方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用,这一技术已经得到公安部门的广泛重视,但随着视频监控技术的发展,一些负面作用也将会出现。其中主要包括监控视频的伪造和篡改,这将会严重影响视频监控的发展和应用。因此,开展监控视频鉴定技术研究迫在眉睫。本文从视频监控的数字化导致监控视频容易被修改,视频监控网络化导致视频监控系统容易被入侵的特点分析了监控视频鉴定的必要性;简要介绍了监控视频鉴定的基本方法;总结了监控视频鉴定的难点并对监控视频鉴定的发展方向进行了展望。     

论侦查实践中视频监控运用机制的完善

随着侦查理论研究和实践的广泛运用,利用视频监控侦查破案势必成为一条全新、简捷、高效的侦查途径。但当前视频监控在建设、运用和法律规范方面仍存在一些尚需解决的问题。随着"科技强警"理念的不断深入,我们要积极转变传统思维,使视频监控在侦查实践中的作用最大化发挥,从而更好地保障社会稳定和公民基本权利。     

建国以来党的制度建设的成就和经验

建国以来,党的制度建设道路是曲折的,期间有停滞,但更有突破,最终走向全面推进和深入发展。党不断改革完善自身领导制度,坚持科学执政民主执政依法执政,健全完善组织制度,建立健全党内民主制度和监督制度。党的制度建设的经验表明,党必须坚持把制度建设放在更加重要的位置,加强党内规章制度建设,实现党内民主的制度化、程序化,坚持党内规章制度与国家法律法规的协调配合,努力增强制度的科学性、系统性。     

基于公务员监督的混合战略博弈分析

以委托—代理理论和信息经济学中的监督模型为基础,通过对政府和公务员二者在完全信息静态博弈下的混合战略分析可见,租金的高低、政府监督的成本和对寻租的公务员惩罚的力度是影响公务员寻租的三个主要因素。我们应通过健全社会舆论与群众监督机制,提高公务员的道德水平,加大对公务员寻租行为的法制惩罚力度,加大对寻租者的物质惩罚力度,健全社会主义市场经济体制,消除租源等措施来防止公务员寻租。     

视频监控信息在目标轨迹分析中的应用研究

从理性选择角度分析作案人,可以推测其在实施犯罪后大多会逃离犯罪现场,销毁犯罪证据,隐匿身份,这些活动过程必然会在一定的时间、空间得以体现。而以案件现场为基准点,根据视频监控系统中记录犯罪嫌疑人案发前的活动情况、案发后活动行踪,以还原行为轨迹,从而分析其下一步将会出现的时间点和活动区域。狭义的目标轨迹概念是指造型体在时空运动中,通过信息交换,遗留在承受体上记录其社会交互活动状况的总和。它以社会网络分析、信息交换、数据挖掘等原理为支撑。可以以人员轨迹、车辆轨迹、涉案的特定物等为标识,通过运用时序、空间、信息联查等方法,分析视频监控信息中的目标轨迹。     

视频监控系统在侦查中的应用价值

严峻的犯罪形势要求公安机关转变侦查破案的思维方式,创新打击犯罪的策略方法,向科技要警力。视频监控系统在打击犯罪中具有传统侦查手段所不具备的独特价值,在预防犯罪、抓获犯罪嫌疑人、固定证据和案件串并等方面发挥着重要的作用。但视频监控系统在建设、具体应用和法律规范方面还存在一些问题需要研究解决。