检察机关参与公益诉讼的法律问题研究

检察机关提起公益诉讼已成为多数国家的司法惯例.根据我国检察机关参与公益诉讼的现状和主要问题,并借鉴国外检察机关介入案件的立法及司法实践经验,建议从理论上对检察机关提起公益诉讼的形式和范围进行严格限制,正确处理检察权、审判权和行政权之间平衡与制约的关系,针对公益诉讼案件的不同性质,动态调整检察权的参与程度.     

Computer-assisted skull identification system using video superimposition

This system consists of two main units, namely a video superimposition system and a computer-assisted skull identification system. The video superimposition system is comprised of the following five parts: a skull-positioning box having a monochrome CCD camera, a photo-stand having a color CCD camera, a video image mixing device, a TV monitor and a videotape recorder. The computer-assisted skull identification system is composed of a host computer including our original application software, a film recorder and a color printer. After the determination of the orientation and size of the skull to those of the facial photograph using the video superimposition system, the skull and facial photograph images are digitized and stored within the computer, and then both digitized images are superimposed on the monitor. For the assessment of anatomical consistency between the digitized skull and face, the distance between the landmarks and the thickness of soft tissue of the anthropometrical points are semi-automatically measured on the monitor. The wipe images facilitates the comparison of positional relationships between the digitized skull and face. The software includes the polynomial functions and Fourier harmonic analysis for evaluating the match of the outline such as the forehead and mandibular line in both the digitized images.     

政府采购“二元悖论”问题的拯治

随着我国政府采购法的出台,政府采购开始走向法制化,但是如果监督机制不健全,就可能产生更加严重的后果,导致集体腐败,目前我国政府采购的问题有:采购范围纵深窄、采购价格高、企业歧视仍未完全消除等,只有扩大公开招标范围、强化采购监督机构功能、发挥参与企业的监督作用及加强采购队伍建设,才能使政府采购真正成为“阳光下的交易”。     

贪污贿赂案件指定监视居住探讨

在最高人民检察院对全国检察机关掀起规范司法行为专项整治工作的浪潮下,整治检察权履行中存在的司法不规范行为成为本次整治的核心要点,贪污贿赂案件指定监视居住问题也成为规范司法的范畴。2012年《刑事诉讼法》新增指定监视居住的相关规定,为保护当事人合法权益提供法律保障。然而,在实践中,监视居住“看审不分”的顽疾根深蒂固,如若不除该种顽疾,将不能保证司法文明,规范司法的理念也无从谈起。在规范司法视野下,反思指定监视居住执行的现状,分析造成看审不分、变相羁押及违法履职风险等问题的根源,以此提出赋予审判机关提前介入预审指定监视居住案件决定权、强化公安机关监视居住职责,提高侦查监督部门及刑事执行检察部门监督实效建议。     

Surveillance and International Terrorism Intelligence Exchange: Balancing the Interests of National Security and Individual Liberty

Using the revelations Edward Snowden passed over to the press regarding the actions of the U.S.’s National Security Agency and the UK’s Government Communications Headquarters and their use of the Prism project, this article examines the law surrounding intelligence gathering in the U.S. and UK. Underpinning the analysis is the legal principle of proportionality as applied to balancing the interests of national security and individual liberties. After examining intelligence exchange procedures, which for the UK is through negotiated agreements between national security agencies and through the European Union’s policing agency, Europol, the main part of the article discusses legal challenges that have been made regarding surveillance and the use of anti-terror laws on citizens and the rationale behind the judicial decisions made in both the U.S. and UK jurisdictions. The argument forwarded is that there is a requirement for wide preventative powers being granted to counter-terrorism agencies and that the interests of national security and individual liberty are inclusive and, as shown by the cases covered in this article, we should rely on the judiciary to perform their function in applying proportionality to each case on its own merits.     

Radicalisation theories,policing practices,and “the future of terrorism?”

This article explores how theories of radicalisation have placed an emphasis on the development of an indicators-based approach to identify individuals who might engage in politically motivated violence. We trace how policing agencies have juxtaposed the search for indicators as a defence against criticisms of racial profiling. However, through an analysis of Canadian counter-terrorism training programmes, we demonstrate that the search for radicalisation indicators reaffirms pre-emptive and discriminatory security practices. We insist that despite efforts to theorise radicalisation outside of the practices of the “war on terror”, current trends risk rationalising prejudicial policing that affirms social exclusion and injustice.     

职务犯罪侦查中指定居所监视居住的适 用简

2012年刑诉法修订,立法机关保留了监视居住,并对其功能重新定位,衍生出了指定居所监视居住。在具体适用中必须把握好保障人权、严格程序与审慎适用三个原则。准确理解指定居所监视居住异于一般监视居住的立法精神以及其分化出的程序性侦查功能,将有助于职务犯罪侦查机关正确比较适用强制措施。在具体操作中应着力构筑审批、执行、变更三个环节规范运行、全程监督的刚性程序。同时,指定居所监视居住作为制度创新仍有较大的完善空间,需要更多的理论反思和实践尝试。     

论我国视频警务的现状与完善

随着公安视频监控建设飞速发展,以充分发挥视频图像信息效能为核心的视频警务模式已悄然兴起。当前,视频警务在视频监控系统建设、视频图像分析技术等方面存在诸多问题,但最为核心的还是体制和机制方面的问题,表现为缺少系统化的工作体制,缺少规范化的工作流程。因此,应从视频图像信息的获取、分析、应用环节构建视频警务工作体系,科学设计视频的采集报送、分析研判、运行和保障的工作机制,进一步完善视频警务工作。     

“天网工程”视频监控设备管理现存问题及对策研究

自“天网工程”建设并投入使用以来,公安机关打击犯罪的工作又多了一把利剑。视频监控技术已经成为继刑侦、技侦之后的第三大侦查手段。由于建成时间短,一些视频监控设备管理层面和技术层面的问题还有待解决。对策：1．实现视频监控装备的“全寿命管理”;2．合理规划探头覆盖面;3．科学合理地选择储存介质等。     

An innovative method for human height estimation combining video images and 3D laser scanning

Digitalization has increased the number of video surveillance systems that sometimes capture crime images. Traditional methods of human height estimation use projective geometry. However, sometimes they cannot be used because the video camera surveillance system is not available or has been moved and there are no reference lines on the frame. Scientific studies have developed a new method for human height estimation using 3D laser scanning. This model necessarily requires a series of approximations, which increase the final measurement error. To overcome this problem, in the present study, images of a subject are projected directly on the 3D model, estimating the height of the subject. This article describes the methodological approach adopted through the analysis of a real case study in a controlled environment executed by Carabinieri Forensic Investigation Department (Italy). The aim is to obtain a human anthropometric measure derived from frames extracted from the videos associated with the digital survey of the framed area obtained with 3D laser scanning and point cloud analysis. The result is the height estimation of five subjects filmed by a camera obtained through the combination of 2D images extracted by a DVR/surveillance systems with 3D laser scanning. Results show that most estimated measurements are less than the real measurement of the subject; it also depends on the posture of the subject while walking. Furthermore, results shows the differences between the real height and the estimated height with a statistical approach.