The forensic deaths caused by pesticide poisoning between the years 2006 and 2009 in Izmir, Turkey

Pesticide poisoning is still a significant health problem in Turkey. We conducted a retrospective study of autopsy cases at Izmir Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine to describe the characteristics of deaths caused by pesticide poisoning between 2006 and 2009. The distributions of the cases according to gender and age were as follows: men 74.1% (n = 40, mean [±SD] age, 44.7 ± 14.1), women 25.9% (n = 14, mean [±SD] age, 39.2 ± 18.9). The majority of pesticide-poisoning deaths were suicides (n = 43, 80%) followed by accidents (n = 4, 8%) and homicide (n = 1, 2%). The manner of death could not be determined in six cases (11%). Suicides mostly occurred at home (n = 26, 63%) (p < 0.05). Methomyl was the most frequent pesticide (n = 9, 17%) among the all cases. This study reported that most of the pesticides found in poisoning cases were highly hazardous types. Combined efforts of medical professionals and law makers are needed for enacting strict laws against highly hazardous pesticides.     

Human Rights Watch v Secretary of State for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office: Victim Status,Extraterritoriality and the Search for Principled Reasoning

In Human Rights Watch v Secretary of State for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office the UK Investigatory Powers Tribunal found that the relevant standard of ‘victim status’ that applies in secret surveillance cases consists in a potential risk of being subjected to surveillance and that the European Convention on Human Rights does not apply to the surveillance of individuals who reside outside of the UK. This note argues that the Tribunal's finding regarding the victim status of the applicants was sound but that the underlying reasoning was not. It concludes that the Tribunal's finding on extraterritoriality is unsatisfactory and that its engagement with the European Court of Human Rights case law on the matter lacked depth. Finally, the note considers the defects of the Human Rights Watch case, and the case law on extraterritoriality more generally, against the backdrop of the place of principled reasoning in human rights adjudication.     

论公共财政监督与控制——以宪法为视角

从各国宪法制度安排的角度探讨公共财政政策形成过程中的国家权力配置问题,有助于反思国家公共财政监督的制度建构。议会制度产生之初,议会通过控制财政来监控政府,系议会民主性的表现。随着社会发展,公共财政已由议会控制转向实质上由政府掌控,议会对财政控制转而通过立法等法治手段来监督,并不参与实质意义上的议决。在我国人民代表大会的民主功能、监督功能尚待完善的情形下,将公共财政监督制度化、法治化应成为首选途径。只有在此基础之上,公民或者社会组织才能真正有效地参与监督国家的公共财政开支。     

Upper‐Bounding the Incidence Rate of Associations Between Camouflage Uniforms and Surveillance Images*

Abstract: Camouflage garments can be associated with surveillance images of a crime scene even in the absence of unique wear marks or very high‐quality images. However, the probability of an accidental association, or incidence rate, is significant. The present work describes and validates a method for estimating the incidence rate based on a statistical model of the garment manufacturing process. The model was developed primarily for use with the current U.S. Army Combat Uniform (ACU), but can be applied to any camouflage garment. Eight garment manufacturers were studied, and all sources of variation in the manufacturing process were characterized. The marking and spreading procedures were found to be dominant and consistent sources of variation. However, some sources of variation, in particular those because of human operators, were not consistent enough to accurately characterize. Sources of variation that could not be well‐characterized were ignored in the statistical model, yielding a worst‐case estimate that is an upper‐bound to the true incidence rate. The model was evaluated for a variety of cases. Depending on the quality of the surveillance image, the manufacturing parameters, and the local population, incidence rates range from about 3% to negligibly small. The model was validated by returning to one manufacturer, and sampling a large number of completed garments and estimating empirical match probabilities. The empirical probabilities validated the estimates of the worst‐case incidence rate and also demonstrated that typical incidence rates are significantly lower.     

政府采购“二元悖论”问题的拯治

随着我国政府采购法的出台,政府采购开始走向法制化,但是如果监督机制不健全,就可能产生更加严重的后果,导致集体腐败,目前我国政府采购的问题有:采购范围纵深窄、采购价格高、企业歧视仍未完全消除等,只有扩大公开招标范围、强化采购监督机构功能、发挥参与企业的监督作用及加强采购队伍建设,才能使政府采购真正成为“阳光下的交易”。     

论欧盟版权改革对短视频分享平台责任之启示

短视频产业的规模化导致与短视频分享有关的纠纷有所增长。较之传统视频平台之经营模式,短视频平台所提供内容更为碎片化。这些微小内容的版权问题基于其快销的商业模式,以现有的通知移除规则管理,似乎力有不逮。恰逢欧盟2019年4月通过《数字单一市场版权改革指令》(CDDSM),其中第17条被称之为过滤责任条款,矫正了平台注意义务范围,这对短视频平台的侵权乱象或可有效规制。中国应谨慎分析过滤责任,考虑试验性采用《指令》第17条提出的尽力而为+通知移除规制的两级制义务模式,因应时代需求,改善救济渠道。     

Murder Followed by Suicide: A Newspaper Surveillance Study Using the New York Times Index

Abstract: Murder–suicide is a relatively uncommon event but as reported by the New York Times, it has occurred and continues to occur yearly. Previous research has indicated that those who commit murder–suicides tend to be men, are in or have been in an intimate relationship with the victim, victims tend to be women, and a firearm is most likely to be used. This study uses a newspaper surveillance methodology to examine such cases. Articles from the New York Times as found in the New York Times Index were coded, analyzed, and examined. The cases, 166 in total, support the findings from prior research. The trend data was examined by cross tabulations and chi‐square analysis. The findings suggest that murder–suicides are rare events and when they occur they usually involve a male perpetrator and an intimate partner victim who is either a wife or girlfriend with the event occurring in a private home. A firearm is the most commonly used method for both murders and suicides, particularly if there was more than one murder victim. The authors conclude by suggesting that future research should focus on using the forthcoming data resource in the CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) to examine the occurrence of murder–suicide.     

检察机关参与公益诉讼的法律问题研究

检察机关提起公益诉讼已成为多数国家的司法惯例.根据我国检察机关参与公益诉讼的现状和主要问题,并借鉴国外检察机关介入案件的立法及司法实践经验,建议从理论上对检察机关提起公益诉讼的形式和范围进行严格限制,正确处理检察权、审判权和行政权之间平衡与制约的关系,针对公益诉讼案件的不同性质,动态调整检察权的参与程度.     

Dot-PPA-ELISA对猪丹毒的免疫监测及抗体保护效价的测定

用猪瘟、猪肺疫、猪丹毒三联疫苗和猪丹毒 1a、2型氢氧化铝吸附甲醛灭活疫苗分别免疫断奶仔猪 ,采用Dot PPA ELISA监测免疫猪血清抗体变化。结果 ,弱毒疫苗免疫后第 7d猪丹毒血清抗体效价开始升高 ,第 2～ 3周达最高值 ;灭活疫苗免疫后第 3～ 4周抗体效价达最高值 ,且灭活疫苗免疫猪的抗体水平明显高于三联疫苗免疫猪。免疫 6周后 ,用C4 30 0 4 (1a型 )、C4 3179(1b型 )和C4 3 12 (2型 ) 3株不同血清型的猪丹毒混合强毒同时对不同抗体效价的免疫猪和对照猪进行了皮肤内接种攻毒 ,并根据其皮肤和体温反应确定 1∶32为猪能抵抗混合强毒攻击的抗体保护效价。经对 4 4头 5 0～ 6 0日龄未免疫的断奶仔猪血清检测 ,其抗体效价在 1∶32以下的猪占88.36 % ,2 78头免疫猪血清的抗体效价在 1∶32或以上的猪占 92 .81%。表明Dot PPA ELISA适用于猪群猪丹毒的免疫监测和免疫力测定。     

Post-9/11 counterterrorism in popular culture: the spectacle and reception of The Bourne Ultimatum and 24

This article examines the representation of counterterrorism in contemporary film and television and surveys its reception among active online audiences. Contemporary counterterrorism fiction like The Bourne Ultimatum (2007 The Bourne ultimatum. 2007. Film. Directed by Paul Greengrass. Produced by Doug Liman, Henry Morrison and Jeffrey M. Weiner. USA.  [Google Scholar]; Film. Directed by Paul Greengrass) and the TV series 24 (2001–2010; Television series. Created by Robert Cochran and Joel Surnow), present viewers with conventional hero-driven narratives wrapped in a spectacle of high-tech surveillance technologies. As counterterrorism is an inherently covert exercise, the widespread popularity of these Hollywood franchises raises questions about how the public understands the capabilities and ethics of counterterrorism. These questions are addressed through an analysis of the generic and aesthetic features of the texts along with a survey of audience responses on the Internet Movie Database (IMDb).