Establishing Likelihood Ratios for Patterned Garment Comparisons from Seam Measurement Data,

It is often challenging to ascribe an objective measure of confidence for identifications based on surveillance imagery from a crime scene. The present work seeks to address this deficiency in the case of garment comparison evidence by developing a quantitative method for establishing a conservative lower bound on the likelihood ratio (LR) for identifications involving patterned garments. The method is based on statistical analysis of pattern offset measurements taken from a sample of garments of the same type (manufacturer, style, and size) as the seized evidence. The developed analysis framework was demonstrated on different types of garments over a range of modeled surveillance imaging scenarios with variable image quality; the lower bounds on the LRs ranged from approximately 10–1 to over 400–1. The statistical model was tested and validated through a large‐scale empirical study involving both simulated and human observer‐performed garment comparisons.     

我国网络舆论监督的法律文化分析

互联网自20世纪90年代中期开始在我国推广,经过20年左右的发展,已经成为社会生活中的新兴信息传播媒体,和传统媒体一样,互联网对以政府为主导的社会公共事务的正常运转,起到重要的监督作用.通过法律文化视角对这种网络舆论监督机制进行审视,并对目前网络舆论监督中存在的一些问题进行分析,有助于加快社会主义法治建设的历史进程.     

特别重大贿赂犯罪适用指定监视居住问题研究

根据新修订的《刑事诉讼法》第73条的规定,检察机关在查处涉嫌特别重大贿赂犯罪时,可以在侦查阶段对犯罪嫌疑人适用指定监视居住的强制措施.在肯定检察机关适用指定监视居住措施必要性的前提下,侦查机关在具体运用该措施时应当在坚持其适用原则的基础上,准确领会立法精神,重点把握指定监视居住的适用条件、适用场所、监督机制等问题,从而在司法实践中将该措施的良性效益发挥到最大.     

Screens in the sky: SAGE,surveillance, and the automation of perceptual,mnemonic, and epistemological labor

This essay investigates the centrality of the U.S. Military in the process of automating the labor of surveillance. The creation of Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), an anti-nuclear defense system developed in the 1950s, marked the computerization of the perceptual, mnemonic, and epistemological labor that is necessary for surveillance and is emblematic of screening technologies. The essay situates SAGE in a long history of military surveillance that depended upon media technologies. Building upon the work of Michel Foucault and Freidrich Kittler, it is argued that media are essential for understanding how surveillance is problematized for security.     

初论指定监视居住必要性审查机制构建

《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第73条对指定监视居住制度进行了规定,同时在第73条第4款规定了“人民检察院对指定监视居住的决定和执行是否合法实行监督”。《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则（试行）》第110条至第128条,对检察机关决定的指定监视居住的必要性审查做了规定,但对于审判机关、公安机关决定或者批准的指定监视居住的必要性审查制度没有涉及,从保护人权和国家法制统一的层面来说,我国的指定监视居住必要性审查机制在启动、审查范围等方面存在需要进一步完善的地方。     

Constructing Better Futures via Video

Abstract

Some individuals can rise above disadvantaged environments by cognitively constructing better ones. One way to go beyond limited environments is by creating video futures. This article describes applications of video-based futures planning, in which teenagers find meaning in their current educational setting to prepare them for adulthood. We also describe the systematic training of school-based personnel to support the skills and positive attitudes of their students with carefully planned and edited videos that show future capability of the individual (self modeling and feedforward). We report diverse case studies to illustrate the methodologies, the range of applications, and typical outcomes. Follow-up of dissemination (especially the Video Futures Start-Up Kit) indicates successful replications, particularly in Kentucky and Aotearoa New Zealand.     

The effects of closed-circuit television on crime: meta-analysis of an English national quasi-experimental multi-site evaluation

This article reports results obtained in an English national quasi-experimental multi-site evaluation of 14 closed-circuit television (CCTV) projects in residential areas, town and city centers, a city hospital, and car parks (parking lots). Both police and victimization data were collected before and after the installation of CCTV in target, control and buffer areas, and police Divisions. The results showed that CCTV was effective in reducing crimes in train station car parks but not in city centers or residential areas, seemed to be effective in reducing vehicle crimes (but not other types of crimes), and was most effective when the degree of coverage by CCTV was high and when CCTV was combined with other interventions such as improved lighting. Implications for situational crime prevention theory are drawn. There was no evidence of displacement or diffusion of benefits. It is concluded that CCTV needs to be implemented more effectively, based on an analysis of the crime problem and its causes, and needs to be evaluated using a randomized experimental design.

论公共摄像监视——以隐私权为中心

目前，在公共空间实施摄像监视已日益普遍。如何看待公共空间中摄像头“注视”之下的个人隐私权并予以相应保护，我国现有的立法尚未予以足够关注，司法上亦采取较为保守的态度。事实上，个人身处公共空间，亦有其隐私利益存在。因为隐私并不仅仅是他人头脑中关于人们自身信息的某种缺失，而更多的是，人们对于自身信息的控制。摄像头长时间地有计划地有目的地注视，不同于路人偶然无意识的一瞥，它将使人们因此而丧失对自身信息的选择暴露权和控制权，从而导致个人在公共空间的某些隐私利益的丧失。鉴于此，我们认为有必要从立法上和司法上规范公共摄像监视行为，捍卫人们在公共空间中的必要的隐私利益，维护人们在公共空间中的个性正义。     

贿赂犯罪侦查中适用指定居所监视居住问题研究

指定居所监视居住制度为职务犯罪侦查部门侦查案件提供了一个有效的刑事强制方式,对突破案件起着重要的作用。实践中,指定居所监视居住制度在适用条件、适用情形以及法律规制上都存在争议,因此,有必要对其法律性质、适用情况进行探讨,更进一步明确适用的范围和标准,以达到控制犯罪和保障人权之间的平衡。