Assessing the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency: An Evaluation of a Court‐Based Delinquency Prevention Program

In 2002, the State of Ohio mandated juvenile courts to provide prevention for at‐risk youth. This study examined official court records to evaluate the effectiveness of a prevention program administered by the Greene County Juvenile Court. A sample of 362 youth referred to the program for the years 2002 to 2009 by concerned caretakers, teachers, and police was analyzed. Consistent with intake goals, 81.7% of clients were referred for at‐risk but not actually delinquent behaviors. Completion of the prevention program did not predict future court referrals, but neither did seriousness of referral behavior. Children with two biological parents were significantly more likely to complete the program, whereas referrals to Strengthening Families Program and substance abuse screening significantly predicted program noncompletion. Implications for policy and research are discussed.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• This article highlights efforts by county juvenile court to implement a secondary prevention program for at‐risk but not officially court‐referred youth.
• Delinquency prevention research depends on good juvenile court data and adequate comparison groups.
• Evidence‐based predelinquent interventions with external process and outcome evaluations should be the standard.

     

假币犯罪案件的特点和侦防对策

假币犯罪,是指以假货币为犯罪对象,严重妨害国家货币管理制度,应受刑罚处罚的行为。近年来,我国假币犯罪呈高发态势,主要有以下特点:涉及的面额、币种多样;犯罪活动日趋专业化、团伙化;流动性增强,犯罪地域不断扩大;仿制水平越来越高,不易识别。侦查应重点围绕其中容易产生的暴露点进行,通过鉴定;查堵贩卖假币各环节,追踪假币源头;深入特种行业寻找线索;加强侦查协作等途径实施。应从加大反假币宣传,广泛发动群众;建立反假币专业警察队伍,加大假币案件的预防查处力度;加强特种行业管理,提高假币的一线堵截能力等方成开展预防工作。     

“网络招嫖”现状分析及防治对策

近年来,一些违法犯罪人员利用网络进行招嫖活动,并逐年呈现高增长和蔓延趋势,严重影响了社会和谐,败坏了社会风气。为此,社会各方面必须统一认识,形成合力,采取有效措施对“网络招嫖’’违法活动进行综合治理：加强对互联网的监控和管理;进一步加强网络文化建设;加大对“网络招嫖”的打击力度;运用综合治理健全长效管理机制。     

动态社会环境下街面治安防控与应急处置研究

为了有效驾驭街面动态治安局势,提高应急处置能力,公安机关应当建立与健全街面犯罪“人、物”动态管控机制,优化警务勤务模式,加强指挥中心龙头和核心地位,强化信息和科技支撑,这是推进现代警务机制建设的必然要求,也是取得最佳警务效益的有效策略。     

Explaining Electoral Violence in Serbia: fsQCA Analysis of Contentious Behavior in the Electoral Arena

The article focuses on an analysis of incidents of electoral violence in Serbia in the period of 1990–2014. The main objective is to identify potential sources of contentious behavior in the electoral arena and, using a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), to select potential causal paths that can explain it. Theoretical discussion combined with the original data collected from OSCE monitoring reports open a space for the systematic assessment of the explanatory power of various arguments concerning electoral violence while discussing its sources and logic. The fsQCA analysis identifies two causal paths that explain the occurrence of the phenomenon in the country covering Milo?evi? and the post-Milo?evi? era.     

釜底抽薪:韩国现代化中的后期反腐败--韩国现代化进程中反腐败问题研究之二

20世纪80年代末以后,韩国的反腐败转入可以概括为"釜底抽薪"的阶段.这一阶段的反腐败措施是:把严惩与法制建设相结合;分析腐败滋生的根源和条件,从惩治为主到预防为主;推进民主化进程和行政管理体制改革以遏制腐败;建立起政府组织、民间组织和国际组织相结合的反腐败网络.从而有效地遏制住了腐败的泛滥,保证了韩国社会、政治、经济、文化的继续发展.     

The Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018: Updating the Federal Approach to Youth Involved,and At‐Risk of Becoming Involved,in the Juvenile Justice System

On December 21, 2018, the Juvenile Justice Reform Act was signed into law, marking the first update in 16 years to the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended. The reforms reflect much of the knowledge that has been gained through research and science over the past decade and strengthen the Act’s core protections for youth in the juvenile justice system. The changes also expand the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s role in research, and technical assistance, and provide for additional oversight for related programs.     

Exploring the social and emotional context of childhood animal cruelty and its potential link to adult human violence

ABSTRACT

Those who commit acts of animal cruelty may do so differently based upon how they individually experience such acts. These experiences may impact the link that exists between childhood animal abuse and later interpersonal violence. Limited research exists that examines how social and emotional factors such as being upset after committing animal cruelty may impact the progression from early acts of animal cruelty to later acts of adult violence against humans. Based on responses from 180 prison inmates in a Southern state, the current study examined the effects of onset and frequency of animal cruelty, covertness of animal cruelty, the commission of animal cruelty alone or in a group, and being upset after committing animal cruelty. Inmates who committed recurrent acts of childhood animal cruelty were more likely to commit recurrent acts of adult interpersonal violence.     

The impact of an intensive inpatient violent offender treatment programme on intermediary treatment targets,violence risk and aggressive behaviour in a sample of mentally disordered offenders*

This study examined the impact of an intensive inpatient violent offender treatment programme, Life Minus Violence-Enhanced (LMV-E), on intermediary treatment targets, risk for violence, and aggressive behaviour during treatment in a sample of male mentally disordered offenders. Using quasi-experimental design, offenders who completed LMV-E and a comparison group showed reduced problems with impulsivity and anger regulation and improvements in social problem solving. Aggregate risk for future violence lessened in both treatment and comparison groups, although by a significantly greater degree for the comparison group. The aggressive behaviour of both groups reduced. Completion of the LMV-E conferred additional improvements in some facets of social problem solving and anger regulation. Neither group showed improvements in empathic responses, coping skills or problematic interpersonal style. Overall, these results suggest anger regulation, impulsivity and social problem solving are most amenable to change, that reductions in certain facets of these dynamic risk factors transpires with nonspecific psychiatric inpatient treatment, but that the LMV-E, a cognitive behavioural violence specific psychological treatment, confers greater change in some facets of social problem solving and anger regulation.     

灸预处理对乙醇诱导胃黏膜损伤大鼠TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65蛋白的影响

目的 观察灸预处理对乙醇诱导大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响,探讨灸法对胃黏膜损伤“未病先防”的作用机制。方法 将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和灸预处理组,每组10只,先对灸预处理组大鼠进行艾灸“足三里”“中脘”,再对模型组和灸预处理组大鼠进行乙醇灌胃制备胃黏膜损伤模型。比较各组大鼠胃黏膜溃疡指数(ulcer index, UI)和病理学变化,ELISA法检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6,IL-6)水平,免疫组织化学法和Western blot法检测胃黏膜组织Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)、髓样分化因子88(myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88)、核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)p65蛋白表达水平。结果 模型组大鼠UI显著高于正常组,灸预处理组UI显著低于模型组(P<0.05),模型组大鼠胃黏膜上皮结构破坏严重,有出血灶和炎症细胞浸润;灸预处理组大鼠胃黏膜病理损伤低于...