Introduction to “charting,tracking, and mapping: new technologies,labor, and surveillance”

Advances in information technologies over the last two decades have offered the promise of revolutionizing workplaces and other settings by expanding the capabilities of individuals working in various professions. Enabled by high-speed computing systems and marked by an intensification of command and control properties, new technologies have expanded, and in some cases intentionally surpassed, the scope of the senses. Technologies such as drones, surveillance cameras, and airport and border security systems promise the seemingly infinite catchment and infinitesimal account of human actions, while computer processing software provides real-time data on large-scale transactional processes occurring in monetary systems and security markets. Charting, tracking, and mapping functions open up new vistas for quantifying social behaviors and detecting misbehaviors, creating new frontiers for criminal justice, the military, and economic activity. The papers in this special issue reveal the processes guiding the rapid transformation and flexible adaptation of institutional structures, economic and financial systems, and threat surveillance and military/police mobilization in the near future.     

贪污贿赂案件指定监视居住探讨

在最高人民检察院对全国检察机关掀起规范司法行为专项整治工作的浪潮下,整治检察权履行中存在的司法不规范行为成为本次整治的核心要点,贪污贿赂案件指定监视居住问题也成为规范司法的范畴。2012年《刑事诉讼法》新增指定监视居住的相关规定,为保护当事人合法权益提供法律保障。然而,在实践中,监视居住“看审不分”的顽疾根深蒂固,如若不除该种顽疾,将不能保证司法文明,规范司法的理念也无从谈起。在规范司法视野下,反思指定监视居住执行的现状,分析造成看审不分、变相羁押及违法履职风险等问题的根源,以此提出赋予审判机关提前介入预审指定监视居住案件决定权、强化公安机关监视居住职责,提高侦查监督部门及刑事执行检察部门监督实效建议。     

Bodies,Materials, Practice: Habiting Space and the Representational Limits of Latour's Semiotics of Assemblies

This article identifies an emerging interest in actor-network theory (ANT) within spatial studies and its significance to social semiotics. It questions the usefulness of borrowing ANT for spatial analyses, arguing that ANT is a representational theory of knowledge rooted in a Chomskyan theory of competence and that this produces an impoverished conception of practice within spatial production. To illustrate this contention, a letter describing the Elliott household in 1860s Adelaide is examined as a programme for visiting the Elliott home. A comparison is then made between Latour's programme and Lefebvre's dialectic of spatial production. It is noted that the constituent elements of the programme, association and substitution, are analogous to Lefebvre's concepts of representations of space and representational spaces, respectively. However, since the programme does not offer any corresponding third element to match spatial practice, an ANT-informed interpretation of spatiality is criticised for bifurcating competence from performance and universalising a particular competence.     

From walls to membranes: fortress polis and the governance of urban public space in 21st century Britain

Drawing on the work of Paul Virilio, this paper addresses changes in the architectural and legal topography of the urban landscape through an examination of regulatory patterns, which increasingly intensify governance through, and as, ‘control’. Such regulation is ambivalent in that it cuts across many traditionally discrete regimes of power melding them into new forms with new effects; as a consequence it is no longer sufficient to think in terms of such distinctions as private/public, civil/criminal, and so on. This paper argues that a concern with patterns of enclosure and privatisation in our urban centres must now be placed within the context of changes in architectural practice and technology, which the authors term ‘open architecture’, and the embedding of governance through partnership, which give particular emphasis to the use of dematerialised and diffused modes of control. The paper utilises Virilio’s history and image of the fortress, which he tracks from a material form to a dematerialised form, to envisage these developments and to provide the foundation for an understanding of the importance of the development of practices of surveillance into, what the authors term, ‘total registration’ as a feature and function of governance through ‘control’.

颈舒汤加减联合推拿康复治疗混合型颈椎病疗效观察

目的 观察中药内服联合推拿康复治疗混合型颈椎病疼痛和眩晕的临床疗效。方法 采用随机法将66例混合型颈椎病（颈痛、眩晕为主要症状）患者分为对照组和观察组,每组33例;两组患者均予以常规手法推拿、康复运动治疗,观察组在此基础上采用自拟中药汤剂颈舒汤加减内服联合治疗;分别于治疗前,治疗后3、7、10、14 d对两组患者进行疗效评估,采用视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）、颈性眩晕症状与功能评估量表（evaluation scale cervical vertigo,ESCV）对患者治疗前后疼痛、眩晕症状进行评分。结果 与同组治疗前比较,两组治疗3、7、10、14 d时VAS评分均显著降低（P＜0.05）,ESCV评分均显著增高（P<0.05）;治疗10、14 d时,观察组疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗3、7、10、14 d时,观察组ESCV评分均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组临床疗效优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 颈舒汤加减内服联合推拿康复治疗可有效缓解混合型颈椎病疼痛、眩晕症状,提高患者生活质量。     

公共视频监控中的公民隐私权保护研究

作为一种技术性侦查和创新性管理工具的公共视频监控,正日益受到政府青睐,民众对安全感的渴求也助推了这股浪潮。但正如硬币有两面,公共视频监控带来的负面效应正在显现,公民隐私在监控社会中无所遁形,公民正在被分类、正在失去个性、自由,公民的私人领域被进一步压缩。面对可能到来的\"极权社会\"的威胁,必须通过隐私权框架来规制公共视频监控。这种规制由三个方面组成:以数据隐私保护为前提的公共视频监控的合法化、以公众参与和监督为核心的透明性以及以隐私侵权责任承担为保障的公共视频监控的问责制。唯有如此,才能避免公共视频监控与公民隐私权的尖锐对立。     

论管制刑执行的制度性构想——以刑事执行一体化为视角

管制刑从民主革命根据地时期创立以来,其性质经历了从只适用于属于敌我矛盾性质的犯罪分子不适用于人民内部矛盾性质的犯罪分子到适用于罪行轻微的犯罪分子的转变,在我国刑罚体系中占有重要的地位,发挥了巨大的作用。但是目前我国管制刑执行中问题凸现,这有管制刑本身结构上的缺陷,也有执行制度上的不周延。对此,应结合我国国情,从刑事执行一体化的角度出发,不断完善管制刑执行制度。     

初论指定监视居住必要性审查机制构建

《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第73条对指定监视居住制度进行了规定,同时在第73条第4款规定了“人民检察院对指定监视居住的决定和执行是否合法实行监督”。《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则（试行）》第110条至第128条,对检察机关决定的指定监视居住的必要性审查做了规定,但对于审判机关、公安机关决定或者批准的指定监视居住的必要性审查制度没有涉及,从保护人权和国家法制统一的层面来说,我国的指定监视居住必要性审查机制在启动、审查范围等方面存在需要进一步完善的地方。