居家养老服务供给对老年人养老满意度影响研究——基于8省市调查数据的分析

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视老龄化和老年人生活,养老工作养老政策体系日益完备,居家养老服务体系初步建立。利用2019年"中国老龄化和养老工作调查"数据,从服务供给角度分析居家养老服务建设对老年人满意度的影响,居家养老服务总体上提高了我国老年人满意度水平,对环境满意度影响高于生活满意度;呈现较强增量效应,即服务项目数量越多,老年满意度越高;呈现异质性效应,健康护理类服务影响最大,精神文化类和权益保障类影响较大,生活辅助类没有显著正向影响。根据我国现阶段老年人年龄结构特征,养老服务要重视注重由"扶弱型"向"普及型"、从"补充型"向"提高型"转变,鼓励多元主体供给,更好满足老年人多层次需求,提高老年人多方面满意度。     

Dehydration-Induced alterations to sharp force trauma on Sus domesticus radii

Dehydration is a taphonomic process that affects nearly all skeletal remains, yet there is a dearth of evidence on this process within the forensic taphonomy literature. When considering the forensic implications of skeletal dehydration, a particular area of concern is sharp force trauma due to its global prominence in forensic cases. In an attempt to address these literature gaps and quantify the effects that dehydration has on skeletal elements, a controlled experiment subjected Sus domesticus (i.e., domestic pig) radii samples (n = 36) to laboratory-induced dehydration after they were inflicted with knife trauma. All samples were photographed pre- and post-dehydration; bone section and kerf mark length, width, and area were then measured from these photographs using ImageJ. Statistical analysis of pre- and post-dehydration samples showed that all measurements experienced significant (p ≤ 0.001) shrinkage, with bone sample area shrinking an average of 8.8 % and kerf mark area an average of 29.7 %. Alterations in length, width and area between the kerf marks and bone samples showed a weak, moderate, and strong correlation, respectively. These findings suggest that anthropological analysis may be affected by dehydration-induced shrinkage, highlighting the necessity of continued research into the effects of dehydration on skeletal trauma.     

我国城市老年人居家养老与社区照顾初探

我国人口老龄化发展速度快,老龄化地区差异大,城市老人家庭空巢化、高龄化现象日渐严重,传统家庭养老模式已无法满足城市老年人的养老需求,社区的发展使社区成为城市为老服务的最佳载体。推行居家养老与社区照顾相结合的养老方式是解决我国城市老年人养老问题的最佳选择。     

国际卫生法的新使命:全球公共健康治理

世界卫生组织在20世纪通过两个国际规章来控制疾病的跨国传播,本世纪通过了《国际卫生法规（2005）》与《烟草控制条约》。目前面临的最大挑战是能否处理好世界上最贫穷国家、地区和人民的公共健康问题,满足其基本生存需要。建议其与国际组织、国家、企业、基金、民间组织合作,达成全球公共健康框架公约,有效改善穷国的卫生条件,帮助他们进行能力和机构建设,这是世界卫生组织和国际卫生法在新的条件下必须承担的新使命和发展的新契机。     

加减薯蓣丸抑制单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶活性对慢性脑灌注不足大鼠的神经保护研究

目的 检测慢性脑灌注不足大鼠海马组织单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶（adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, AMPK）水平的变化,探讨加减薯蓣丸对海马神经细胞损伤的影响及其作用机制。方法 采用改良双侧颈总动脉阻断法复制慢性脑灌注不足模型,应用尼氏染色检测神经细胞损伤情况,应用Western blot法检测海马区AMPK及p-AMPK表达水平。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠海马CA1区的尼氏染色较浅,神经锥体细胞数减少,海马组织p-AMPK表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,中药组与西药组大鼠海马CA1区的尼氏染色加深,锥体细胞数量增加,p-AMPK表达水平明显下降（P<0.05）;中药组与西药组大鼠海马CA1区AMPK和p-AMPK表达水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 大鼠慢性脑灌注不足损伤后,AMPK过度激活,出现海马神经细胞损伤,加减薯蓣丸可抑制海马区AMPK的激活,减轻海马神经损伤。     

‘Working’ the international child protection case: a snapshot of local authorities’ experiences within an evolving legal context

Child protection proceedings often concern children with international connections. In recent years, the courts of England and Wales have handed down a number of significant judgments examining the application of international legal instruments (in particular Brussels IIa) to care proceedings. This article considers the impact of court judgments on the practical ‘working’ by Local Authorities of international child protection cases. A case study was conducted, oriented by socio-legal theory, consisting of a small number of qualitative interviews with Local Authority lawyers and social workers. The article concludes that some judgments have acted as a catalyst to change working practices for Local Authorities. However, international child protection cases present a variety of challenges for Local Authorities, and judgments provide an imperfect site for the provision of procedural and substantive guidance in this complex area. Further, there was often a tension between the need to conscientiously adhere to such guidance, and the welfare needs of the children with whom the Local Authority was concerned.     

Reducing Domestic Violence and Improving Outcomes for Children: Funding Civil Legal Aid to Maximize Impact

Domestic violence survivors and children in foster care often experience significant unmet civil legal needs. Legal aid services, when adequately funded, can help close the justice gap for these two populations while improving safety, stability, and court efficiencies. However, despite ample literature demonstrating how legal aid can improve outcomes, almost half of those seeking legal aid services are turned away due to lack of resources. This article reviews the research and data about how legal aid can improve outcomes for people in the domestic violence and child welfare contexts. It also discusses how several state‐administered federal funding opportunities—including the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) Victim Assistance Formula Grant Program, Title IV‐D child support funds, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) basic block grants—can fund the needed civil legal help.     

Finding a Safer Harbor: Mandating Health Care Clinics to Intervene in Child Sex Trafficking by Amending the Safe Harbor Act

When it comes to child sex trafficking, health care clinics have become spaces of duality. While these facilities provide medical care to child victims, many argue that this facilitates traffickers in concealing evidence of child sex trafficking. This Note proposes an amendment to New York's Safe Harbor Act and various sections of the Social Services Law to cure legislative ambiguity with respect to health care clinics. The amendment will mandate that all state‐run health care clinics implement a uniform process, utilizing mental health professionals and a standardized interview process, to identify and report instances of potential child sex trafficking.