女大学生就业难原因分析与对策研究

女大学生就业难问题已日益成为社会和家庭关注的热点和焦点问题。女大学生就业难问题，短期内不可能从根本上得到解决，但只要国家和政府部门重视、社会和家庭广泛支持配合、学校和女大学生共同努力，这一问题得到缓解甚至在局部得到有效解决是完全可以做到的。     

劳动合同法律适用的若干规则

在劳动合同所适用的法律规范中,无论是跨越劳动法部门还是劳动法部门内部都有一般法与特别法之区分。对劳动合同不仅优先适用特别法,而且还应当在不违背特别法立法目的和基本精神的前提下补充适用一般法。对跨越《劳动合同法》生效前后的劳动合同,应当处理好适用新法与适用旧法的衔接和交叉的问题。对《劳动法》配套法规,应当依据劳动法语境中抵触与否的判断标准,确定其在《劳动合同法》生效后是否继续适用。     

从大学毕业生就业形势看素质教育

毕业生就业制度的改革、严峻的就业形势 ,向高等学校的教育与管理体制提出了挑战。如何适应社会改革发展的要求 ,培养高素质的人才 ,是目前高等学校面临的一项重要而紧迫的任务。高校应采取果断措施 ,紧紧围绕提高学生素质做文章。     

浅析美国华人餐饮业的现状

作为一代又一代美国华人移民多数人主要的谋生手段,华人餐饮业面临着激烈的竞争。为此,一些中小型华人餐饮业相继使用廉价的新移民劳动力甚至非法入境的"黑工"。但廉价的劳动力的使用并不能彻底改变华人餐饮业恶性竞争的困境,而且,一些华人员工开始运用法律,维护自身权益。与此同时,华人餐饮业在一如既往地关心祖国发展的同时,踊跃参与美国生活,并积极与时俱进,谋求与美国社会的同步发展。同时餐饮业主也不放弃致力于国家移民政策的改变,以企获得更多的新移民劳动力。     

终身雇用制历史考察

终身雇用制是一个内涵丰富的概念。它的最初形态为江户时代的奉公人制度 ;在明治维新后近代资本主义工矿业企业得到初期发展的基础上 ,经过甲午战争、日俄战争 ,于第一次世界大战以后 ,开始进入制度化阶段 ;在战前军国主义统制经济体制下初步确立 ;在战后民主化改革和经济恢复的基础上得到继承和发展 ;在 6 0年代日本经济进入高速成长阶段以后发展成熟并最终确立 ,成为战后日本经济成功的重要原因之一。终身雇用制出现伊始 ,就是后进社会日本对封建传统妥协的产物 ,其中蕴涵着它自身的矛盾性。     

农民就业平等权问题探讨

"公民在法律面前一律平等"是我国赋予公民的基本权利,是农民就业权保护的宪法基础。但农民真正实行就业平等权还存在现有法律制度、社会等级制度、城乡户籍管理制度等现实障碍。应通过制定无差别就业政策、改革城乡户籍管理制度、完善诉讼制度、将在城市就业的农民纳入城市社会保障制度,和建立促进平等就业的机构来加强农民就业权的保护。     

A NEW LOOK AT THE EMPLOYMENT AND RECIDIVISM RELATIONSHIP THROUGH THE LENS OF A CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECK*

Criminal background checks are increasingly being incorporated into hiring decisions by employers. Although originally uncompromising—almost anyone with a criminal record could be denied employment—court rulings and policy changes have forced criminal background checks to become more nuanced. One motivation for allowing more individuals with criminal records to work is to decrease recidivism and encourage desistance. In this article, we estimate the causal impact of receiving a clearance to work on subsequent arrests for individuals with criminal records who have been provisionally hired to work in certain nonlicensed health‐care jobs in New York State (N = 6,648). We employ an instrumental variable approach based on a substantive understanding of the state‐mandated criminal background check process. We examine age‐graded effects within this group of motivated individuals and differential effects by sex in the rapidly growing health‐care industry, which is typically dominated by women. Our estimated local average treatment effect indicates a 2.2‐percentage‐point decrease in the likelihood of a subsequent arrest in 1 year and a 4.2‐percentage‐point decrease over 3 years. We find meaningful variations by sex; men are 8.4 percentage points less likely to be arrested over the 3‐year period when cleared compared with a 2.4‐percentage‐point (and nonsignificant) effect for women. Older women in particular are driving the nonsignificant results for women.     

It is the worst time in living history to be a law graduate: or is it? Does Australia have too many law graduates?

According to the Australian legal profession and media, law schools are producing too many graduates relative to the number of vacancies within the profession. This claim, however, is hardly new. This paper identifies a number of junctions at which there has been concern about the overproduction of law graduates, showing that this discourse appears during periods of major economic stress. It also shows that until the most recent episode of concern, the perception that there are too many law graduates relative to employment opportunities has not been supported by empirical evidence. In the past, the increasing supply of law graduates has been met with increasing demand. However, the legal profession is now facing unprecedented market competition and restructure, and opportunities in the profession for new graduates have declined. This still does not mean that the law schools are producing too many graduates. The current cohort of graduates is likely to continue into a professional occupation, although not necessarily in private legal practice, and there is a lack of lawyers working in disadvantaged communities.     

高校毕业生就业协议书中的违约金条款的适用性探讨——比较视角下的就业协议与劳动合同中的违约金问题

通过对高校毕业生就业协议的性质及其他与劳动合同中违约佥馨款的内涵分析．认为就业协议作为民事预约合同,其违约责任不同于劳动合同中的违约责任。实践中对就业协议及劳动合同关系的误读是毕业生与用人单位发生纠纷的原因之一。通过相应的比较分析．对高校毕业生就业协议所涉问题提出几点建议。     

社会资本对独立学院毕业生就业的促进作用

与普通高校相比,独立学院毕业生的就业问题具有一定的特殊性,如用人单位的统计性歧视及其与独立学院和毕业生之间的信息不对称、“母体优势”及家庭背景特殊性的消极影响,等等。从独立学院及其毕业生的特点来看,积累和动员社会资本将有利于促进毕业生就业。为了促进毕业生就业,独立学院需打造品牌特色,扩大社会知名度,增强社会影响力,健全就业指导机构,创新毕业生就业指导模式,建立校友会,开拓校友资源;而毕业生需动员家庭和亲属社会资源,扩大自己的个人网络规模,通过增加个人社会资本存量来拓宽就业信息渠道和增加就业机会。