刑满释放人员就业歧视问题探究

刑满释放人员因受就业歧视、失业而再犯的问题越来越多,理应受到我们的关注。对刑满释放人员的就业歧视的原因在哪,是否具有合理性？文章从反就业歧视一般原理及刑罚理论论证其不合理性,并分析刑满释放人员就业权平等保护的意义。最后提出应从营造平等保护制度环境、强化歧视法律责任和实施积极行动等方面来保障刑满释放人员的平等就业权。     

Ideological Neutrality in the Workplace

This note assesses the decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Achbita v G4S Secure Solutions NV and Bougnaoui v Micropole SA, the first cases dealing with religious discrimination under the Equal Treatment Directive 2000/43. Both cases concerned Muslim women wishing to express their religious beliefs by wearing an Islamic headscarf while working in a private undertaking. The Court held that the employees’ dismissal could not be justified by reference to clients’ prejudices against the headscarf. However, dismissal could be justified if pursued on the basis of a corporate policy of ideological neutrality which prohibited all visible religious, political and philosophical symbols. This note criticises the latter part of the Court's decision for, inter alia, placing too much weight on an employer's freedom to run its business in spite of the grave effects this has on employees’ fundamental right to manifest their beliefs at work.     

Public-Sector Reform: Employment Security and Quality of Decision Making in the Australian Taxation Office

This article examines the impact of structural reforms and industrial relations changes on the employment security and decision behaviors of middle-level managers in the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). This article is based on an empirical study using focus group and survey data that investigated how structural change and public-sector reforms substantially altered the employment environment. This research reveals that the ATO environment can be characterized by low morale, risk aversion, fear, and distrust brought about, in part, by employment insecurity. Where middle managers perceived organizational threats to their employment security, they engaged in self-protective “survivor” behaviors even when no such threats to their employment security existed. The article concludes that a substantial number of middle-level managers, survivors of years of restructuring, downsizing, and organizational change, were unlikely to display high-quality decision-making behaviors.     

社会资本与大学生就业相关理论研究综述

无论是劳动力市场中供需平衡理论还是流动与竞争理论等都不能很好地解释大学生就业中存在的诸如“官二代”、“富二代”、“拼爹”等现象,需要借助新的视角——社会资本理论。社会资本作为就业结果的影响因素已经引起广泛关注。尽管国内外学者对于社会资本与大学生就业存在“强关系”和“弱关系”的争议,但至少都认为社会关系网络对大学生就业质量产生着至关重要的影响。这就给我们两点启示：一是政府要尽快建立竞争充分、制度规范的劳动力市场,将社会资本对大学生就业的作用限制在合理范围内。二是在我国劳动力市场未充分完善之前,大学生除了学好专业知识、取得各种证书、加强身体锻炼之外,还应该积累社会资本,增加自己的就业筹码。     

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区产业结构与劳动方就业结构协同优化研究

通过对1995-2010年滨州市的时间序列数据采用动态统计与协整模型分析,测算了该区域产业结构与劳动力就业结构的协同程度。研究表明,该区域的产业结构调整与从业人员总数,以及与第三产业从业人数变动之间存在着长期稳定关系;地区从业人员总数只是产业结构转换的单向格兰杰原因,而产业结构转换与第三产业从业人数之间互为格兰杰原因,可以实现二者的协同优化。相对于传统的扩大就业政策而言,加快第三产业发展更加有助于该区域的产业结构升级转换。     

高校共青团服务大学生就业工作的思考

当前高校毕业生的就业形势复杂严峻,党和国家高度重视大学生的就业工作。文章阐述高校共青团服务大学生就业的必要性,分析其存在的问题,从团干部队伍建设、思想政治教育与就业指导的融合性、提高团组织开展活动的吸引力等方面提出建议,以期发挥共青团的作用,促进大学生就业。     

Labour market risks and political preferences: The case of temporary employment

The political economy literature has gathered compelling evidence that labour market risks shape political preferences. Accordingly, insecurity fuels support for redistribution and left parties. This article analyses this argument for temporary workers, a so far neglected risk category which has increased dramatically in the past two decades. Temporary workers also have been in the focus of recent insider‐outsider debates. Some authors in this line of research have argued that temporary work leads to political disenchantment – for example, non‐instrumental responses such as vote abstention or protest voting. This contradicts risk‐based explanations of political preferences. The article discusses both theoretical perspectives and derives conflicting hypotheses for the empirical analysis of temporary workers' policy and party preferences. The review reveals considerable ambiguity regarding the questions which parties temporary workers can be expected to support and what the underlying motives for party choice are. Synthesising arguments from both perspectives, the article proposes an alternative argument according to which temporary workers are expected to support the ‘new’ left – that is, green and other left‐libertarian parties. It is argued that this party family combines redistributive policies with outsider‐friendly policy design. Using individual‐level data from the European Social Survey for 15 European countries, the article supports this argument by showing that temporary, compared to permanent, workers exhibit higher demand for redistribution and stronger support for the new left. Neither the risk‐based nor the insider‐outsider explanations receive full support. In particular, no signs of political disenchantment of temporary workers can be found. Thus, the findings challenge central claims of the insider‐outsider literature.     

Farm to Non-Farm Employment Linkages and Pattern： An Analysis of Village Level Survey in Bangladesh

The widening of rural-urban continuum has accelerated the transformation of Bangladesh agriculture from subsistence toward commercialization. This has accompanied significant employment linkages and patterns in farm and non-farm sector. Modern rice production contributed to employment generation through backward and forward linkages. The field study of three villages measures farm to non-farm employment linkages for two major rice crops. The estimated backward, forward, and total linkages were 0.18, 0.43, and 0.61 for Boro rice and 0.14, 0.39, and 0.53 for Aman rice. For two crops as a whole, farm to non-farm total employment linkage coefficient was 0.58, which meant that total 100 man days of farm employment per hectare in farm production activities generated 58 man days of non-farm employment in various support services, processing, and marketing activities. Employment pattern in different months was more flexible for the farm workers than for non-farm workers. The availability of farm employment in a month varied from five to 25 days for farm workers, and from 22 to 27 days for non-farm workers. The findings imply that more investrnent in rice-based production system significantly increases non-farm employment opportunities. From national policy perspective, more research and development efforts should go into accelerating potential rural growth and non-farm sector development.     

劳动合同内容的妥当性--《劳动合同法》第26条第1款第2项的解释适用

内容的适法性与妥当性均系劳动合同的生效要件。《劳动合同法》第26条第1款第2项应当被定位为体现劳动合同特色的妥当性要件,起到规制劳动合同内容的一般条款的作用。该项的规范功能及主要目的在于遏止用人单位在劳动合同中滥用其经济优势地位,过分压制弱势劳动者的行为。作为概括性条款,该项规定的适用应着重案例化、类型化的操作方式;在适用顺序方面,原则上应明确妥当性要件补充适用的地位;可借鉴《合同法》第52条第4项的操作模式,即在妥当性要件下引入法律、行政法规以外的低位阶规范（地方法规、部委规章等）中的强制性规定,作为确认劳动合同效力的依据。