社会资本论视角下的“拼爹游戏”解析

在就业竞争越来越激烈的形势下,＂拼爹游戏＂日益严重,这种现象引起了社会各界的广泛关注。从社会资本论角度看,＂拼爹游戏＂是子女对父母所拥有的社会资源的承袭,这种现象的发展,会造成社会规范失控,妨碍社会流动,不利于实现社会公平。     

回应性治理：破解返乡农民工就业保障难题

随着经济社会的发展、新农村建设的推进以及金融危机向实体经济的蔓延,部分沿海中、小型企业不得不暂时歇业停产,造成了不稳定的就业环境,导致返乡农民工就业保障问题日益突出。政府为此采取的应对措施并没有取得显著的成效,其关键在于缺乏对返乡农民工群体就业现实需求的反馈和回应。回应性治理强调与民众的交流与沟通,提倡互动决策,可以为破解返乡农民工就业保障难题提供全新的视角。     

It is the worst time in living history to be a law graduate: or is it? Does Australia have too many law graduates?

According to the Australian legal profession and media, law schools are producing too many graduates relative to the number of vacancies within the profession. This claim, however, is hardly new. This paper identifies a number of junctions at which there has been concern about the overproduction of law graduates, showing that this discourse appears during periods of major economic stress. It also shows that until the most recent episode of concern, the perception that there are too many law graduates relative to employment opportunities has not been supported by empirical evidence. In the past, the increasing supply of law graduates has been met with increasing demand. However, the legal profession is now facing unprecedented market competition and restructure, and opportunities in the profession for new graduates have declined. This still does not mean that the law schools are producing too many graduates. The current cohort of graduates is likely to continue into a professional occupation, although not necessarily in private legal practice, and there is a lack of lawyers working in disadvantaged communities.     

A NEW LOOK AT THE EMPLOYMENT AND RECIDIVISM RELATIONSHIP THROUGH THE LENS OF A CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECK*

Criminal background checks are increasingly being incorporated into hiring decisions by employers. Although originally uncompromising—almost anyone with a criminal record could be denied employment—court rulings and policy changes have forced criminal background checks to become more nuanced. One motivation for allowing more individuals with criminal records to work is to decrease recidivism and encourage desistance. In this article, we estimate the causal impact of receiving a clearance to work on subsequent arrests for individuals with criminal records who have been provisionally hired to work in certain nonlicensed health‐care jobs in New York State (N = 6,648). We employ an instrumental variable approach based on a substantive understanding of the state‐mandated criminal background check process. We examine age‐graded effects within this group of motivated individuals and differential effects by sex in the rapidly growing health‐care industry, which is typically dominated by women. Our estimated local average treatment effect indicates a 2.2‐percentage‐point decrease in the likelihood of a subsequent arrest in 1 year and a 4.2‐percentage‐point decrease over 3 years. We find meaningful variations by sex; men are 8.4 percentage points less likely to be arrested over the 3‐year period when cleared compared with a 2.4‐percentage‐point (and nonsignificant) effect for women. Older women in particular are driving the nonsignificant results for women.     

女大学生就业性别歧视的经济学分析

近年来,高校扩招后女大学毕业生在就业中遭受性别歧视的问题日益严重。从经济学角度看,造成这种状况的原因包括:扩招背景下女大学毕业生的供过于求;政策失灵;生儿育女和操持家务等属于非市场劳动;统计性歧视等。我们应该采取针对性措施解决女大学生就业中的性别歧视问题。     

略论经管类专业人才培养模式的创新

如何创新经管类专业的人才培养模式,将人们潜意识中的“软”专业建设成为受市场和企业欢迎的“硬”专业,本文创造性地提出了一系列的解决方案：在校企合作模式上强调专业文化与企业文化的融合,建立学生、学校、企业三赢的校企合作模式;在专业内部加强专业核心骨干课程内容的硬化改造,优化课程体系,加强综合实训课程的建设;在专业外部构建经管类各专业互为支撑的生态体系,以拓宽学生的专业视野和就业渠道。     

Employment,age, race,and crime: A labor theoretic investigation

The fundamental objective of this paper has been to reinvestigate the relationship between employment and crime, while taking account of deterrence, age and race effects. The data, a sample of Brooklyn arrestees, was collected by the Vera Institute of Justice simply to explore, with individual data, the relationship between employment and crime. In this research, a labor theoretic formulation is used incorporating a model that views the problem as one of rational choice between legitimate work and participation in crime. Factors affecting the diminution of crime participation with age are investigated. Changes at age 18 in economic opportunities and in deterrence effects from moving from juvenile to adult status are found to have a significant impact on crime participation. The results are important because they tend to confirm with official crime report data, results found in earlier studies using self-report data, i.e., (1) when the process is appropriately modeled, previous contacts with police are found to cause some experimenters with crime to become desisters, (2) prior work experience and economic opportunities tend to reinforce this tendency to desist, (3) even though blacks are found to have a greater prevalence of involvement in crime, when the data are standardized for all of the aforementioned factors and educational attainment, there is no significant difference between blacks and whites in their tendency to recidivate.     

农民的就业权利与中国社会的发展

自古代以来,农民就业权利就受到限制和侵害,其表现和原因不同时期各不相同,对农民就业权利的限制是中国农民长期贫困、城市发展滞后、市场经济发展缓慢、社会难以转型的重要原因之一。解除土地对农民的束缚,给农民选择就业的权利和自由,不仅是农民的呼唤,也是中国社会发展的迫切要求。     

乡村旅游中农村妇女就业与发展研究——以江西婺源为例

文章以社会性别理论为基础,探讨了乡村旅游对促进农村妇女就业与发展的动力机制,认为乡村旅游的乡村性重构了农村妇女与乡村资源的关系,在权利与责任上出现了社会性别再分配,农村妇女成为主要的参与者.同时,乡村旅游促进了农村产业结构的演变,推动了生产组织形式的转变和劳动分工结构的变化,为农村妇女创造了广泛的就业机会,增强了她们的独立和自我意识,有利于农村妇女的发展.     

论当代大学生职业价值观--来自上海交通大学的调查

对上海交通大学2005届毕业生进行的调查表明,职业价值观分为职业促进因素、职业保健因素、职业声望因素三个因素;职业规划、就业方面的实力、家庭和朋友的期望、社会关系是大学生择业的影响因素;能发挥自己的才能是毕业生择业时考虑的首要因素,择业地点上优先考虑大城市、沿海开放城市,大学生择业自主性更为明显.