Two cultural worlds in one family

The author discusses the problem of continuity and discontinuity over three generations of a Russian family while describing cultural change in everyday practice during a long historical period. The issue of cultural transmission is investigated because the couples' lineages belonged to conflicting cultural worlds representing two ideologically alien discourses during the Soviet times. While analyzing these two cultural worlds as systems and the conflict between them, the author seeks to answer the question on why both cultural models were rejected by the next generation. What was the character and mechanism of transmission in this case? What are the consequences of cultural conflict for the future of the family itself and for the wider social context in the future cultural discourse in Russia?     

Home Is Where Mother Is: Ideals and Realities in Australian Family Houses of the 1950s

Following the austerity of war, Australians in the 1950s were keen to pursue their inter-related ambitions of building families and homes. Architectural design was heavily influenced by modernism and focused particularly on the perceived needs of mothers and children, imagined to be ever-present in the home. Architects recommended modernising and centralising the kitchen so that the mother could efficiently complete chores while supervising her children. They advised designing children’s bedrooms to provide privacy and stimulate creativity, as well as incorporating indoor and outdoor play areas. While these ideals were promoted in housing magazines, analysis of other sources reveals that the reality of 1950s housing was more complex. Many Australians lived in dwellings representing the design conventions of previous eras. For those building new houses in the 1950s, postwar shortages and personal finances often constrained aspirations. Others disliked the fact that modernism challenged traditional spatial and social precepts. Even for that minority residing in newly constructed, architecturally designed housing, families did not always inhabit domestic spaces in the manner anticipated by architects. Attention to a range of historical sources allows a fuller understanding of the broad spectrum of postwar housing and the diverse ways in which 1950s Australian families dwelt in their homes.     

马克思主义视域下的麦金太尔正义理论简

麦金太尔正义理论立足西方伦理传统,通过批判新自由主义正义理论,构建了一种德性正义和社群主义正义理论.他认为,正义的规则总是以一定的道德观念为基础,正义受历史传统的制约,正义是对社群的共同善的共识.麦金太尔也曾是一位马克思主义者,他的正义理论既受到马克思主义的影响,但又有本质区别,我们在肯定麦金太尔正义理论具有一定理论合理性的同时,运用马克思主义的立场和方法对其进行分析后发现,麦金太尔正义理论又不可避免地带有自身的局限性.     

The realism debate and the politics of modern art in early postwar Japan

This article examines the realism debate (riarizumu ronsō) that took place between 1946 and 1950 as a forum in which ideas on artistic form, the role of the artist in society, and the social relevance of art come into focus in a way that allows us to see how questions such as Japan's modernity, the recent experience of fascism, and the challenges of rebuilding culture during the early cold war were taken up by leading cultural figures in the field of the visual arts. Occurring alongside discussions of how the art world could be reformed to avoid the failures of fascism, the debate served as an occasion to re-examine the history of modern art in Europe and Japan and to consider the question of artistic representation in a way that opened the most fundamental question of art's relationship to the world and promised to begin the process of envisioning it anew. The debate involved three camps which I label social realism (represented by Hayashi Fumio and Nagai Kiyoshi), modernist realism (Hijikata Tei’ichi), and avant-garde realism (Uemura Takachiyo, Okamoto Tarō, and Hanada Kiyoteru). While assessing their points of agreement and disagreement, I argue that the debate set the stage for debates in the 1950s and beyond.     

解读苗族悠久的历史与文化

根据先秦典籍记载和考古发现,苗族历史渊源可以追溯到上古时期的东方夷人、伏羲与女娲。这个古老的东方民族在人类发展史上占有十分重要的地位。中外学界对苗族早期历史进行了诸多考证。可以说基本形成共识:苗族为中国最古人种之一,参与了中华民族早期文明的一系活动。     

浅议恩格斯对马克思哲学解读中存在的几个问题

恩格斯在对马克思哲学的解读中认为:辩证法的规律也存在于自然界,唯物主义的反映论是正确的认识路线,社会的经济结构总是决定社会的意识形态。马克思和恩格斯的哲学观点是有细微差异的,恩格斯的解释并非马克思哲学的本真意义。恩格斯解读中存在的问题:一是扩大了辩证法的使用范围;二是在认识论问题上也不够彻底;三是在历史观方面有经济决定论的倾向。     

美国医疗保险制度改革的历史考察与理论检省

医疗保险法制改革是困扰世界各国的难题,而美国从20世纪初叶开始起步、至奥巴马完成的医疗保险制度的改革,充分考虑到美国的社会需求,走公私结合,政府强力推行和改革内容适当妥协相辅,革命性和渐进性兼顾的医保改革的道路,并在政府干预与市场自由的适度制度构架、多元利益(权利)的平衡妥协、政治精英与民众及媒体的协商互动等方面,形成了独具特色的公共政策制定路线和合法性供给策略。奥巴马医改法案的成功实施,不仅实现了美国医疗保险制度的重大突破,也为中国的医疗保险制度改革提供了有益的借鉴。